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Genetic Engineering Christopherson Review: Genome The complete set of genetic material of an organism Review DNA and Gene A gene is a portion of DNA that codes for a trait Review: Human Genome Project The sequence of the 3 billion base pairs (A,T,G,C) in human DNA was discovered. Humans have 20,500 genes in our genome Benefits of the Human Genome Project 1. Improve diagnosis of diseases and help with early detection of genetic disorders 2. Gene Therapy -Swapping an abnormal gene for a normal one -Repairing an abnormal gene 3. Help create disease, insect, drought resistant, and more nutritious plants What is Genetic Engineering? Technology used to change the DNA of organisms to create a new useful result Genetic Engineering requires the use of Recombinant DNA Recombinant DNA: DNA thatfrom has been A gene one changed by joining organism is put into genetic materialoffrom the genome a two different sources. different organism Examples #1: Bacteria and Insulin (Medical) Insulin (protein) helps glucose move from our bloodstream to our cells Glucose is from food that was consumed Type 1 Diabetes Diabetics need to take Insulin shots Gene that makes insulin in humans was inserted into E.coli – They make synthetic human insulin (Humulin) Examples #2: Genetically Modified Food (GMO’s) These plants have been modified GMO’s are crop plants to enhance desired that have been created, traits such as genetically, for human increased resistance or animal consumption. to herbicides or improved nutritional content GMO’s: Agriculture Agriculture is modified to be resistant to: •Pests •Disease •Cold •Drought •Salt Example #1 of GMO: Golden Rice Malnutrition is common in 3rd world countries where impoverished peoples rely on a single crop such as rice for the main staple of their diet. More than 10 million children die of malnutrition However, rice majority does notofcontain adequate every year. A vast these deaths is linked amounts of all necessary to prevent to micronutrient deficiencies.nutrients The deficiencies with the highest impact are in iron, zinc, iodine and malnutrition vitamin A. Vitamin A deficiencies can cause blindness Golden rice was genetically engineered to contain beta carotene. Beta carotene can provide Vitamin A to its consumers. GMO Example #2: Video Clip GMO’s: Glowing Organisms Which organisms naturally glow? Can we make other organisms glow using Genetic Engineering?