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Transcript
Genetics Chapter 8 Gregor Mendel: Father of Genetics Genetics: study of heredity Heredity: passing traits from parent to offspring Used peas to study heredity Why Peas? 1. Several Traits 2. Control mating 3. Small, grow easily, and matures quickly Alleles: Different versions of a gene Ex: White and Purple Flowers Mendel’s Experiment Monohybrid Cross: One pair of contrasting traits. Ex: Mating a plant with purple flowers with white flowers True-breeding: All offspring would have only one form of the trait Ex: Purple-flowering plant only has purpleflowered offspring Mendel’s Experiments Vocabulary Dominant: (A) Expressed in appearance when the individual has one copy Recessive: (a) Not noticeable in appearance when individual has one copy Individual must have two copies of recessive allele to express the trait Homozygous: AA or aa Heterozygous: Aa More Vocabulary Genotype: Genetic make up (ex: Pp) Phenotype: Physical Appearance (ex: Purple flowers) Punnett Square-predicts outcome of a cross 1 pair of contrasting traits btwn 2 individuals Ratios Test Cross Law of Segregation Alleles for a trait separate when gametes are formed 50% chance that one allele will go into a gamete Law of Independent Assortment Alleles of different genes separate independently of each other during meiosis Dihybrid Cross: Cross that involve two traits