Download Final Exam Review Day Dos

Final Exam Review Day Dos

Objective:
 SWBAT

master genetics portion of final exam
Catalyst:
 If
the membrane is permeable to the
solute, what will move and where?
 If the membrane is NOT permeable
to the solute, what will move and where?
What will happen to the size of the cell?
Agenda






Catalyst
Big Picture- DNA, chromosomes, genes
Central Dogma
Transcription and Translation
Punnett Squares- MAURY!
Review Sheet Time
Think-PairShare
What is this
picture to the
right
showing us?
In The Beginning…


Human
beings
have
chromosomes (one
DNA is
made
up23
of pairs
two of
strands
from
mommy,
one
from
daddy).
of nucleotides in a double helix.
 Each
chromosome
is made (sugar and
backbone
up
of
coiled
DNA.
phosphate) plus a base.
 A specific area of DNA
 Genetic information is stored in
that codes for one trait is
the
nitrogenous
bases.
called
a gene.
 Nucleotide:

A  T
Chromosomes
 DNA 
G  C
genes
Structure of DNA

Big Idea:
 Every
sugar,
phosphate, and
base is a nucleotide.
 Many
nucleotides
attach to make a
strand of DNA.
 The
opposite side is
complementary.
WHITEBOARD AWESOME TIME 1
One strand of DNA has the nitrogenous bases of
GCTAATCG
What is the complimentary strand of DNA?
CGATTAGC
WHITEBOARD AWESOME TIME 2
One strand of DNA has the nitrogenous bases of
TTAGGCAC
What is the complimentary strand of DNA?
AATCCGTG
WHITEBOARD AWESOME TIME 3
Where is the
chromosome?
 Where is the
gene?
 Where is the
double helix?

WHITEBOARD AWESOME TIME 4

Fill in these terms:

DNA
________________ is made of units called nucleotides.

Chromosomes
________________ are coiled pieces of DNA.

Genes
________________ are sections of chromosomes.
WHITEBOARD AWESOME TIME 5

Fill in these terms:

gene
One trait is determined by a _________________.

protein
A gene contains the instructions for making a _________.
WHITEBOARD AWESOME TIME 6
Label the three parts of a nucleotide.
nitrogenous
base
phosphate
sugar
WHITEBOARD AWESOME TIME 7



What color is the backbone of the
DNA molecule?
The backbone of DNA is made of
sugar
phosphate
____________
and ___________.
If purple is Adenine (A) and Guanine
(G) is red, then Cytosine (C) must be
green and Thymine (T) must
__________
yellow
be ______________.
What is the purpose of DNA?

It has the information to produce proteins.

WHERE?!?!

In the bases, DUH.

But how do we get it out?
The Solution
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
The Solution
CGATTA
GCUAAU
GCU = Alanine
AAU = Asparagine
TRANSLATION:
TRANSCRIPTION:
 Information in mRNA
read
DNA is iscopied
one
into codon
mRNA(three nucleotides)
a time.
 at
mRNA
is formed by
 tRNA
brings the base
correct
complementary
pairs
amino
acid,
on the
 A  U,
T based
A
codon
 G  sequence.
C, C  G
 Many amino acids = protein.
RNA LOVES
U!!!
The Central Dogma of Biology
DNA
Transcription
RNA
Protein
Translation
Round Robin Races






You and your group are now in a HEATED BATTLE!
Whoa!
First person will transcribe their piece of DNA into
mRNA
He/she will pass his/her paper clockwise where the
next person will translate it into a protein
The next person will check it.
The fourth person will start the next piece of DNA.
First group finished wins an awesome prize!
Punnett MADNESS!!!


Now, read the problem and find the parents’
genotypes.
*Remember, use the first letter of the dominant trait.
BB
A homozygous dominant brown eyed male mates with a
blue eyed female.
bb
Punnett Square Madness
Whiteboard Guided Practice: Seed Shape

R
R
R
RR
RR
r
Rr
Rr
R = round
r = wrinkled


Solve the following
Punnett Square.
A homozygous
dominant round
seeded plant is crossed
with a heterozygous
wrinkled plant.
Find the genotype and
phenotype
probabilities.
Maury Povich

I will give you a mother genotype and her baby’s
genotype. Then you have to tell me which is the
father.
Scenario 1



Katie is heterozygous for A blood (IAi). Her baby is
type O (ii). She is not sure if Richard, her husband, or
Adam, his best friend, is the father of the baby….
Richard has type AB blood (IA IB )
Adam has type B blood (IBi)
Only Adam could be
the father!!!!!
Scenario 1
IB
i
IA
I AI B
I Ai
i
IBi
ii
IA
IB
IA
I AI B
I AI B
i
I Ai
IBi
Scenario 2




Samantha has type AB blood and so does her
baby. She is not sure whether Nick or Ron is the
father of her baby….
Nick has type O blood
Ron has type B blood
Who dat baby daddy is? Use Punnett Squares to
prove it.
Scenario 2
i
IA
IB
i
I Ai
I Ai
IBi
IBi
Nick could not
have a child with
Samantha who
has AB blood!!!!!
Scenario 3




Hair type in humans is genetically controlled. Curly
is dominant to straight.
Amanda is heterozygous for curly hair and her
baby has straight hair. She is not sure if Daniel or
Robert is the father of her baby….
Daniel is homozygous for curly hair.
Robert has straight hair.
Only Daniel could be
the father!!!!!
Scenario 3
C
C
C
CC
CC
c
Cc
Cc
c
c
C
Cc
cc
c
Cc
cc
Scenario 4



Vanessa has blue eyes and her baby has blue eyes.
She is not sure whether or not Mark or Max is the
father of her baby….
Mark is has blue eyes.
Max is heterozygous for brown eyes.
Maury can’t figure
this one out!!!!
Scenario 4
b
b
b
bb
bb
b
bb
bb
B
b
b
Bb
bb
b
Bb
bb
Exit Question

In order of increasing size, order gene, chromosome,
and DNA.

Why must DNA be converted to mRNA?

Take this piece of DNA and convert it to mRNA.
 GACCCATTACGT