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Mendel’s Principles Genotype and Phenotype Types of Dominance Genes and Chromosomes Misc. What is genetics? ANSWER: The study of heredity What is the percent chance that a heterozygous organism will make a gamete containing the dominant allele? ANSWER: 50% What is the name of the diagram that shows all the possible outcomes of a genetic cross? ANSWER: Punnett Square What states that allele pairs separate independently during the formation of gametes? ANSWER: The principle of independent assortment What is a phenotype? ANSWER: The way an organism looks What is a genotype? ANSWER: The organism’s genetic makeup What is a heterozygote? ANSWER: An organism that has two different alleles for the same trait In horses, chestnut and white coat colors are co-dominant. Heterozygous horses have a both colored hairs, which results in a golden tan color. Such heterozygous horses are known as palominos (like Mr. Ed). What colored horses would be the predicted results of a cross between a chestnut and palomino horse? (give answer in %) ANSWER: 50% Chestnut 50% Palomino S= yellow body s= blue body T= round body t= square Body How would an individual who was SStt look? ANSWER: Yellow and square body In “complete dominance” which allele is masked? ANSWER: The recessive one What is incomplete dominance? ANSWER: Heterozygote exhibits a phenotype which is intermediate between the dominant and recessive. Neither allele is dominant over the other, when an organism is heterozygous it exhibits both characteristics, what is this called? ANSWER: Co dominance What are multiple alleles? ANSWER: More than two alleles for the same gene. What is polygenic inheritance? ANSWER: When two or more genes affect a single trait. What assorts independently? ANSWER: chromosomes Some genes tend to be inherited together, what is the name for this type of inheritance? ANSWER: Genetic linkage Genes are more likely to stay together on the same chromosome and NOT separate during crossing over if they are closer together or further apart? ANSWER: Closer together DAILY DOUBLE What does the principle of segregation state? ANSWER: For any particular trait, the pair of alleles of each parent separate and only one allele passes from each parent on to an offspring Where are most human sex linked genes found? ANSWER: The X chromosome Why are most sex linked disorders more common in males? ANSWER: A male only needs to inherit one sex linked recessive, he only has one X chromosome. A female needs to inherit two. What is a dihybrid cross? ANSWER: The crossing of organisms differing in two characteristics If you cross a Bb individual with a bb individual what would be the predicted ratio of their offspring? ANSWER: 50% Bb 50% bb What was the most important concept that Gregor Mendel came up with after working with the pea plants? ANSWER: Mendel discovered that traits are passed down to offspring as individual units, without any blending of parent characteristics What occurs during meiosis that allows genes located on the same chromosome to assort independently? ANSWER: Crossing over Human blood types exhibit various types of dominance. Name three ANSWER: 1. Complete dominance 2. Co dominance 3. multiple alleles FINAL JEOPARDY ANSWER: Will vary