Download Bio 9B: Tuesday, 2.1.11Title: DNA Structure & Function

Bio 9B: Tuesday, 2.1.11
Title: DNA Structure & Function
Double Block

Homework:

Actively read pages 291-296 (part of 12.1 and 12.2).

Take notes in your notebook using the active reading strategies we
have discussed, including:





Do Now:


Write a purpose question after skimming over the reading
Take notes on main ideas and key details
Make note of connections and questions as you read
When done reading, summarize by explaining the relationship between
DNA, nucleotides, genes, and chromosomes.
Complete mid-year survey
Today’s Objectives:

Review the midterm and reflect on the first semester
Preview of Genetics:
DNA, Genes, and Chromosomes


Count off by 6’s
Tables in the back (2 for each word)
DNA
 Genes
 Chromosomes


At your table:
Put your assigned word on a poster and divide the page in two
 One side: Write down everything you know about the word
 Other side: Write down questions you have
After 5 minutes your group will rotate to the other tables to add
to the other posters


Bio 9B: Thursday, 2.2.11
Title: Snow Day
Bio 9B: Thursday, 2.2.11
Title: DNA Structure & Function

Homework:
- If you weren’t here on Tuesday, you need to complete Tuesday’s homework.
- EVERYONE needs to complete the following by Monday:
 Read pages 297-299 and take active reading notes.
 Summarize how DNA replicates!

Do Now:



Complete the Genetics prior knowledge survey (bottom of the last page of the
Midterm Exam Reflection). DO NOT do anything with the rest of the survey.
If you were here Tuesday, look over your responses to the other
Today’s Objectives:



Explain how DNA, genes, nucleotides, and chromosomes relate to each other.
Describe the structure of DNA.
Identify the monomers of the DNA polymer
New For Semester Two




Everyone gets a maximum of 5 trips to the
bathroom or nurse for the duration of Quarter 3.
You can use them whenever you want – including
after lunch
You only get 5 for the quarter…
Issues with this policy? Please speak to me after
class and we can have a conversation…
Preview of Genetics:
DNA, Genes, and Chromosomes


Count off by 6’s
Tables in the back (2 for each word)
DNA (tables 1 and 6)
 Genes (tables 2 and 4)
 Chromosomes (tables 3 and 5)


At your table:
Put your assigned word on a poster and divide the page in two
 One side: Write down everything you know about the word
 Other side: Write down questions you have
After 5 minutes your group will rotate to the other tables to add
to the other posters


INTRODUCTION TO GENETICS
DNA: STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
PHA Biology 9
Moretti/ Dickson
Intro to Genetics:
DNA Structure & Function




Genetics: the study of heredity
 What determines an organism’s traits (characteristics)?
 How are traits passed on from one cell to another, and from
parents to offspring?
DNA: the molecule that carries genetic information
DNA has two important functions:
 Replicate – make exact copies of itself so it can be passed
on
 Carry instructions for making proteins that determine your
traits
DNA is found in all cells (in the nucleus in eukaryotic cells)
Objectives for Class:
• Explain how DNA, genes, nucleotides, and chromosomes relate to each other.
• Describe the structure of DNA.
DNA Structure and Function

What is it?


Where do we find it?


DNA = Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Found in the Nucleus
What does it do?


Carries your genes
Carries information to
make the proteins
that make your traits
Objectives for Class:
• Explain how DNA, genes, nucleotides, and chromosomes relate to each other.
• Describe the structure of DNA.
DNA Structure and Function
(refer to handout)
Chromosomes
Nucleotide
Base Pairs
Another Gene: instructions for
making a different protein that
determines a different trait
Chromosomes
unraveling
into DNA
DNA
Gene: Instructions for
making a protein that
determines a trait
DNA Structure
Objectives for Class:
• Explain how DNA, genes, nucleotides, and chromosomes relate to each other.
• Describe the structure of DNA.
DNA Structure

“Building Blocks” = Nucleotide
Deoxyribose Sugar
 Phosphate
 Nitrogenous Base


Nucleotides put together:
Ladder: Uncoiled
 Double Helix: 2 long coiled strands
 Sides: alternating phosphates
& sugars


Middle/ “Rungs” of ladder:

2 Nitrogenous Bases
connected by Hydrogen bonds
Objectives for Class:
•Describe the structure of DNA.
DNA Structure: Nucleotides
Objectives for Class:
•Describe the structure of DNA.
•Identify the monomers of the DNA polymer
DNA Structure: Base Pairing

4 Nitrogen Bases:
 Adenine
Purine
 Guanine
 Thymine
Pyrimidine
 Cytosine
}
}

Base Pairing:
 A ---- T
 G ---- C
Objectives for Class:
• Identify
DNA Structure: Images
Objectives for Class:
• Explain how DNA, genes, nucleotides, and chromosomes relate to each other.
• Describe the structure of DNA.
DNA Structure: Nucleotides

Complete the DNA Review (other side of the DNA/
Chromosome Handout)
Objectives for Class:
•Describe the structure of DNA.
•Identify the monomers of the DNA polymer
Homework Catch-up/ Completion


Tuesday Homework
 Actively read pages 291-296 (part of 12.1 and 12.2).
 Take notes in your notebook using the active reading strategies we have
discussed, including:
 Write a purpose question after skimming over the reading
 Take notes on main ideas and key details
 Make note of connections and questions as you read
 When done reading, summarize by explaining the relationship
between DNA, nucleotides, genes, and chromosomes.
Tonight’s Homework
 Actively read pages 297-299 and take active reading notes.
 Summarize how DNA replicates!
Bio 9B: Monday, 2.7.11
Title: DNA Structure & Function

Homework:
 Prepare
for DNA Modeling Lab
 Finish DNA Review packet

Do Now:
 Next

Slide…
Today’s Objectives:



Explain how DNA, genes, nucleotides, and chromosomes relate to each other.
Describe the structure of DNA.
Explain WHY DNA must replicate and the 3 steps of HOW DNA replicates.
DO NOW:
Write down this DNA Sequence:
G A T A C A T G C G
C T A T G T A C G C
What is the sequence for the complementary
(aka matching) DNA strand?
DNA Structure and Function
(refer to handout)
Chromosomes
Nucleotide
Base Pairs
Another Gene: instructions for
making a different protein that
determines a different trait
Chromosomes
unraveling
into DNA
DNA
Gene: Instructions for
making a protein that
determines a trait
DNA Replication: Overview
DNA can make an
exact copy of itself!
 Occurs every time a
cell needs to reproduce


(during S-phase of the cell cycle…)
Objectives for Class:
• Describe the structure of DNA.
• Explain WHY DNA must replicate and the 3 steps of HOW DNA replicates.
DNA Replication: Overview
DNA can make an
exact copy of itself!
 Occurs every time a
cell needs to reproduce


(during S-phase of the cell cycle…)
Objectives for Class:
• Describe the structure of DNA.
• Explain WHY DNA must replicate and the 3 steps of HOW DNA replicates.
DNA Replication: Overview
Objectives for Class:
• Describe the structure of DNA.
• Explain WHY DNA must replicate and the 3 steps of HOW DNA replicates.
Steps of DNA Replication
1. DNA Unzips:


Enzyme breaks Hydrogen Bonds between base
pairs
Creates 2 Complementary Strands (templates)
2. DNA Polymerase moves along original strands
(templates)
 Nucleotides come from the cytoplasm
 DNA Polymerase attaches complimentary bases to
both sides of the unzipped strands (SemiConservative).
3. Completed: 2 NEW identical strands of DNA are
produced
 DNA Polymerase “proofreads” the new strands
Objectives for Class:
• Describe the structure of DNA.
• Explain WHY DNA must replicate and the 3 steps of HOW DNA replicates.
DNA Replication
Note: The RED
Strand is the
Original Strand
Objectives for Class:
• Describe the structure of DNA.
• Explain WHY DNA must replicate and the 3 steps of HOW DNA replicates.
DNA S&F Review
Complete the DNA Notes Activity
Objectives for Class:
• Describe the structure of DNA.
• Explain WHY DNA must replicate and the 3 steps of HOW DNA replicates.
How do we know about DNA Structure?


Chargaff: A=T and C=G
Rosalind Franklin:
Actual X-ray of DNA
 Showed double-helix structure
 Died young due to X-rays!
 Didn’t get credit for her
contributions… pretty messed up!


Watson & Crick: Built a model
using this evidence

(They got all of the credit – initially)
Objectives for Class:
• Describe the structure of DNA.
Bio 9B: Tuesday, 2.8.11
Title: DNA Modeling Lab

Homework:
 Complete

Do Now:
 Next

Discussion Questions for Part II of Modeling Lab.
Slide
Today’s Objectives:



Explain how DNA, genes, nucleotides, and chromosomes relate to each other.
Describe the structure of DNA.
Explain WHY DNA must replicate and the 3 steps of HOW DNA replicates.
Do Now
G
A
A
C
G T
1. Write the complementary base sequence to this single strand of DNA
2. Which of the pictures below best illustrates DNA replication? Why?
A.
B.
C.
DNA Model Building Lab: Part I
Part I: Constructing DNA
 Build 36 nucleotides:
Nit.
base
phosphate

sugar
Count out the following and put the rest in a
pile for later:
5A
5T
4C
4G
Build a double-stranded DNA molecule with
these 18 nucleotides
 Record your DNA Sequence in the table
Then answer the questions and go on to Part 2

Objectives for Class:
• Describe the structure of DNA.
DNA Model Building Lab: Part II
Part II: Replicating DNA




“Unzip” your DNA sequence by “breaking” the hydrogen
bond between the two nitrogenous bases. Observe your two
separate strands. Using the other pieces in your kit, create
two new strands of DNA – nucleotide by nucleotide.
Note that when the DNA molecule splits in half, new
complimentary bases attach to the separated strands
creating two new strands of DNA. Be sure your base pairs
match!
Be sure to construct your new DNA strand by
adding nucleotides to the original templates!
When finished:
 Take all pieces apart and put them back in
the bags
 Answer the Discussion Questions for Part 2
Objectives for Class:
• Describe the structure of DNA.
• Explain WHY DNA must replicate and the 3 steps of HOW DNA replicates.
Title: DNA Structure & Function
With Audio

The following slides are the DNA Replication Slides with
audio explanations from Mr. Moretti
DNA Replication: Overview
DNA can make an
exact copy of itself!
 Occurs every time a
cell needs to reproduce


(during S-phase of the cell cycle…)
Objectives for Class:
• Describe the structure of DNA.
• Explain WHY DNA must replicate and the 3 steps of HOW DNA replicates.
DNA Replication: Overview
Objectives for Class:
• Describe the structure of DNA.
• Explain WHY DNA must replicate and the 3 steps of HOW DNA replicates.
Steps of DNA Replication
1. DNA Unzips:


Enzyme breaks Hydrogen Bonds between base
pairs
Creates 2 Complementary Strands (templates)
2. DNA Polymerase moves along original strands
(templates)
 Nucleotides come from the cytoplasm
 DNA Polymerase attaches complimentary bases to
both sides of the unzipped strands (SemiConservative).
3. Completed: 2 NEW identical strands of DNA are
produced
 DNA Polymerase “proofreads” the new strands
Objectives for Class:
• Describe the structure of DNA.
• Explain WHY DNA must replicate and the 3 steps of HOW DNA replicates.