Download Lymphocytes - Spark (e

Gianluca Desiderio, Marco La Franceschina,
Stefano Perdicchia, Riccardo Riva
2L LICEO SCIENZE APPLICATE
2014 – 2015
CLIL PROJECT
Proff. ROSSELLA COPPOLA (SCIENZE), STEFANO PARISI (INGLESE)
The blood is divided into:
Plasma
is compose by
90% of water
7% of plasmatic protein
3% Iones
White globules
They defend the body from bacteria and
virus
They are 6000/10000 for mm3
Red globules
They haven’t got a nucleus because they
carry on the haemoglobin (a red pigment).
They carry on oxygen in all the cells of the body
They are 5,000,000 for mm3
Platlets
Platelets, also called thrombocytes,
are blood cells whose function is to
stop bleeding.
They live 7/8 days and they are only
30.000 per mm³
Platelets have no cell nucleus.
They are fragments of cytoplasm
which are derived from the
megakaryocytes
What is a
Lymphocyte?
They are important blood cells that compose the 40%
of the white blood cells.
They are the main type of cells found in lymph.
They include
NK cells
innate immunity
T cells
adaptive immunity
B cells
adaptive immunity
Lymphocytes B
Lymphocytes T
Lymphocytes NK
They are produced in the
bone marrow. They are
the first cells that step in
the defense of the
organism.
They are divided in 2
different types:
-Lymphocytes B memory
-Plasmacells
They are produced in the
Thimus gland, an organ
placed
near
the
breastbone.
The function of T cells is
to recognize specific nonself antigens.
This Lymphocyte uses a
TCR recector to recognize
infected antigenes
They are also called natural killers
because they are produced during
the pregnancy. NK cells are a part
of the innate immune system and
play a important role in defending
the host from both tumors and
virally infected cells. They are
used to produce cytokines. These
are a broad and loose category of
small proteins that are important
in cell signaling.
Blood disease
1. Sickle cell anemia
characterized by an abnormality in the oxygen-carrying
haemoglobin molecules in red blood cells.
2.
Haemophilia
It is a hereditary disorder that impairs the body ability to
control blood clotting.
3. Megalobliastic anemia
it is the presence of large cells with an arrest in nuclear maturation.
Nuclear maturation is immature relative to cytoplasmic maturity.
1.
2.
3.
Sickle cell anemia
The pharmacological and therapeutic treatments,
nowadays, can only help to relieve pain.
These treatments are:
Use of Medicines
Urea derivatives (hydroxyurea)
 The blood transfusions and supplemental oxygen
The Bone Marrow
Transplantation
The bone marrow transplantation is the only
treatment that can cure completely an individual by
this disease.
It is only used in severe cases
The future of the cures
Even if the Sickle Cell Anemia can be cured thanks to the
Bone Marrow Transplantation, the researchers are
looking for new less expensive treatments and easier
to carry out:
Supplementation of nitric oxide
Deactivation of the defective gene
Gene therapy