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Chemistry of Cells Carbohydrates • What is it? - They are organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in the proportion of 1:2:1. Why are carbohydrates important to organisms? • They are the key source of energy, and they are found in most foods-especially fruits, vegetables, and grains. Monosaccharides • What is it? - Monosaccharides are single sugars. • What does it help build? - Monosaccharide help in building blocks of carbohydrates. Polysaccharides • Polysaccharides are chains of three or more monosaccharides. • Starches are examples of polysaccharides. Monosaccharides • What is a disaccharide? - They are double sugars formed when two monosaccharides are joined. • Sugar is an example of a disaccharide. Lipids • What is it? • Lipids are nonpolar molecules that are not soluble. • Lipids do not dissolve in water. Lipids • Examples of lipids are: fats, phospholipids, steroids, and waxes. Protein • What is it? - Protein is a molecule formed by linked smaller molecules called amino acids. • Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins Protein • Examples of proteins are: – Legumes, eggs, milk, fish, poultry Nucleic Acids • What is a nucleic acid? - It is a long chain of smaller molecules called nucleotides. • What is a nucleotide? - A nucleotide has three parts: a sugar, a base, and a phosphate group, which contains phosphorus and oxygen atoms. Nucleic Acids • What is DNA? - Deoxyribonucleic acid, consists of two strands of nucleotides tat spiral each other. • What is RNA? - Ribonucleic acid, may consist of a single strand of nucleotides or of based-paired nucleotides. ATP • What is it? - Adenosine triphosphate is a single nucleotide with two extra energy-storing phosphate groups. • Why is it important to cells? • ATP is the energy currency of the cell. Agenda • Create a graphic organizer for the following words: • • • • • • • carbohydrate monosaccharide lipid protein amino acid nucleic acid nucleotide – Hint: Use your text to help define the words.