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The Chemistry of Life What is Needed for Life? • Matter – Takes up space and has mass • Energy – Used to organize matter – Used to change matter Organization of Life • Simple to complex Molecules and Compounds • Examples of atoms • Examples of molecules – Oxygen (O2) – Nitrogen (N2) – Hydrogen (H2) • Compounds – H20, H2O2 Physical vs. Chemical Changes • use energy Acids and Bases • pH – a measure of acidity • pH balance of our body is important in homeostasis A Whole Lot of Energy Why eat? • Growth and repair of body • maintenance of homeostasis • Forming compounds (making new cells) stores energy in the chemical bonds • Breaking compounds (digestion) releases energy stored in the chemical bonds How to build life • Inorganic compounds – Water (H2) – minerals • Organic compounds – – – – Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acids Building compounds • It takes energy to form energy • Chemical bonding puts simple compounds together • All compounds are built from small building blocks called monomers • Bonded monomers build polymers Organic Compounds • Carbon is the basis of life • Carbon loves to bond – rings or chains Organic Compounds • Carbohydrates – C, H, and O – Monomer is a monosaccharide • glucose, fructose, galactose – Sugars vs. Starches • Complex – long C chains • Simple – short C chains What do you need carbohydrates for? Organic Compounds • Lipids – – – – CHO Monomor is a fatty acid & alcohol Fats, oils, and waxes Hold more energy than the other organic compounds What do we need lipids for? • Organic Compounds • Proteins – CHON – Monomer is amino acids – The body made of 1000s of proteins from only 20 amino acids! Why do we need Proteins? Organic Compounds • Nucleic Acids – – – – CHON and sulfur Monomer is a nucleotide Control the cell Contains hereditary information • DNA and RNA Why do we need Nucleic Acids? Healthy Diet includes: • Organic compounds • Carbo’s • Lipids • Proteins • Vitamins • Inorganic Compounds • Water • Minerals How do we get the energy from our food? • • • • Water – universal solvent Breaks bonds Breaking bonds releases energy Our bodies are stored energy (we are put together from organic compounds) Digestion • Ingestion • Physical change • Chemical changes – Enzymes – Stomach acid • Re-absorb water and nutrients • Excretion Atom Review • Smallest particle of matter that still has properties • Protons – Positive Charge • Neutrons – Neutral Charge • Electrons – Negative Charge • Diatomic – Made of 2 atoms (O2)