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Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acid Basics • Contain instructions to build proteins • 2 types: – DNA – RNA Blueprint to build a car Protein built from DNA instructions Nucleic Acid Basics • Contain instructions to build proteins • 2 types: – DNA – RNA • Composed of smaller units called nucleotides – Monomer: Nucleotide – Polymer: Nucleic acid monomer nucleotide nucleotide nucleotide Nucleic acid (polymer) nucleotide nucleotide nucleotide Nucleotide Structure • What’s a nucleotide? Monomer of nucleic acids monomer nucleotide nucleotide nucleotide Nucleic acid (polymer) nucleotide nucleotide nucleotide Nucleotide Structure • What’s a nucleotide? Monomer of nucleic acids • Three parts – Sugar molecule – Phosphate group – 1 of 4 Nitrogen bases (A, T, C, or G) • Nucleotides combine to make nucleic acids 1 min: Discuss with your neighbor A 1. How many nucleotides are pictured? Six G 2. What is this long chain of nucleotides called? Nucleic acid C 3. Name the blue shaped pentagon molecule. Sugar T 4. What are these individual monomers called? Nucleotides T G 5. What will these instructions be used to create? Protein Deoxyribonucleic Acid • Double Helix: 2 chains of nucleotides • Four nitrogen bases: Adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine • Chargaff’s Rules: – A pairs with T – C pairs with G (can you predict the missing bases?) • Gene: section of DNA that codes for a protein T C C G A 1 7 2 8 3 9 4 10 5 11 6 12 Ribonucleic Acid A C U U • Single chain of nucleotides • Nitrogen bases: Adenine, uracil, cytosine, guanine G Ribonucleic Acid • Single chain of nucleotides • Nitrogen bases: Adenine, uracil, cytosine, guanine • Function: Deliver instructions from DNA to ribosome How do nucleotides bond together? O O P O O O O P O Sugar O Sugar N base N base HO HO O P O O Sugar N base O • Dehydration synthesis! How do nucleotides bond together? • Dehydration synthesis! How do nucleic acids break apart? OH O P O O Sugar H N base H HO OHO O P O O Sugar O • Hydrolysis! N base 1 min: Discuss with your neighbor Carbohydrates Monomer Polymer A? B? monosaccharide Proteins C? polysaccharide Protein Amino acid Lipids D? Lipid Fatty acid Nucleic acids E? Nucleotide Nucleic acid Kobe Kuiz 1) Vocabulary: Monomer, Polymer, Nucleotide, Double helix, Nitrogen base 2) Name the monomer of nucleic acids. 3) How are the four nitrogen bases of DNA abbreviated? RNA? 4) Name the three parts to a nucleotide. 5) What does the phosphate molecule of a nucleotide bond with? 6) If the DNA nitrogen bases were TACCGGAT, how would the attached DNA strand read? 7) How are DNA and RNA different? Same? 8) How does dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis differ?