Download Nucleic Acids PPT

Nucleic Acids
Information
storage
AP Biology
2006-2007
Nucleic Acids
 Function:
 store & transmit genetic information
 Examples:
 RNA (ribonucleic acid) (rRNA, mRNA, tRNA)
 DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
 ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
 Supplies energy for synthetic reactions and for other energy-requiring
processes in cells
 Structure:
 monomers = nucleotides
 Polymers = polynucleotides (DNA, RNA)
AP Biology
Nucleotides
 3 parts
 nitrogen base (C-N ring)
 pentose sugar (5C)
 ribose in RNA
 deoxyribose in DNA
 phosphate (PO4) group
AP Biology
RNA & DNA
 RNA
 single nucleotide chain
 DNA
 double nucleotide chain
 N bases bond in pairs
across chains
 spiraled in a double helix
AP Biology
Building the polymer
AP Biology
Nucleic polymer
 Backbone
 sugar to PO4 bond
 new base added to sugar of previous base
 polymer grows in one direction
 N bases hang off the
sugar-phosphate backbone
Dangling bases?
Why is this important?
AP Biology
DNA molecule
 Double helix
 H bonds between bases join the 2
strands
 Adenine:: Thymine
(A-T)
 Cytosine:: Guanine
 (C-G)


AP Biology
RNA
o A-U (Uracil)
o G-C
Information polymer
 Function
 series of bases encodes information
 like the letters of a book
 stored information is passed
from parent to offspring
 need to copy accurately
 stored information = genes
 genetic information
Passing on information?
Why is this important?
AP Biology
G
C
T
A
AP Biology
A
C
G
T
A
C
G
T
A
ATP
 Adenosine triphosphate
 Adenosine
 Composed of adenine and ribose
 Triphosphate
 3 phosphate groups attached to
each other and the ribose
 ATP = High energy molecule
-supplies energy for muscle contraction and
nerve impulses
 ADP = Lower energy molecule (diphosphate)
+
AP Biology
+
What are the complementary base
pairs for DNA?
A. A-T and G-U
86%
B. A-T and G-C
C. A-U and G-C
D. A-T and C-U
CU
A-
Ta
nd
GC
an
d
U
A-
nd
Ta
A-
A-
Ta
nd
GU
GC
0%
AP Biology
10%
5%
What is one difference between
DNA and RNA?
A. DNA has uracil and
RNA does not
B. RNA is single stranded
and DNA is double
stranded
C. DNA has 4 bases and
RNA has 5
D. DNA has a ribose sugar
and RNA does not
81%
se
s
DN
A
ha
sa
ba
ha
s4
DN
A
a.
.
5%
su
ga
r
r ib
os
e
an
d
an
d
st
r
gle
sin
is
A
RN
RN
.. .
a.
.
ed
.. .
A
RN
an
d
cil
ra
ha
su
DN
A
AP Biology
10%
5%
What are the 3 parts of a
nucleotide?
A. 5 C sugar, carbon base, carboxyl
80%
AP Biology
e,
...
e.
..
en
,n
it r
og
su
ga
r
C
5
ba
s
ba
s
,n
it r
og
en
ba
s
en
C
5
5%
e.
..
5%
su
ga
r
,n
it r
og
C
3
5
C
su
ga
r
su
ga
r
,c
ar
bo
n
ba
se
,
...
group
B. 3 C sugar, nitrogen base, phosphate
group
C. 5 C sugar, nitrogen base, phosphate10%
group
D. 5 C sugar, nitrogen base, hydroxyl
group
Which of the following supplies cellular
energy for muscle contractions and nerve
impulses?
A. DNA
95%
B. RNA
C. ATP
D. ABC
5%
AP Biology
C
AB
P
0%
AT
A
RN
DN
A
0%
Macromolecules
Review
AP Biology
2006-2007
Carbohydrates
 Structure / monomer
 monosaccharide
 Function
 energy
 raw materials
 energy storage
 structural compounds
 Examples
 glucose, starch, cellulose, glycogen
AP Biology
glycosidic bond
Lipids
 Structure
 triglycerides, steroids, phospholipids, waxes
 Function
 energy storage
 membranes
 Sex Hormones
 Insulation/protection
 Examples
 Saturated & unsaturated fat, steroids, waxes, phospholipids
AP Biology
Proteins
 Structure / monomer
 amino acids
 levels of structure
 Primary
 Secondary
 Tertiery
 Quaternary
 Function
peptide bond
 enzymes u defense
 transport u structure
 signals
u receptors
 Examples
 digestive enzymes, membrane channels, insulin hormone, actin
AP Biology
and myosin, antibodies, collagen
Nucleic acids
 Structure / monomer
 nucleotide
 Function
 information storage
& transfer
 Examples
 DNA, RNA
AP Biology
PASSWORD
AP Biology
2006-2007
 Isomers
 Functional group
 hydrocarbon
AP Biology
monosaccharide
cellulose
polysaccharide
AP Biology
Glucose
Benedict’s solution
Iodine
AP Biology
Triglyceride
Phospholipid
Fatty acid
AP Biology
Nitric Acid
Secondary Structure
Tertiary Structure
AP Biology
Amino acid
R group
20
AP Biology
Polypeptide
Enzyme
Denature
AP Biology
Nucleotide
Deoxyribonucleic acid
adenine
AP Biology
Adenosine triphosphate
Cytosine
Double helix
AP Biology
 Hemoglobin
 Insulin
 Keratin
AP Biology
MONOSACCHARIDE
AMINO ACID
TRIGLCERIDE
STEROID
PHOSPHOLIPID
NUCLEOTIDE
AP Biology