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Transcript
Nucleic Acids Information storage AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic Acids Function: store & transmit genetic information Examples: RNA (ribonucleic acid) (rRNA, mRNA, tRNA) DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) ATP (adenosine triphosphate) Supplies energy for synthetic reactions and for other energy-requiring processes in cells Structure: monomers = nucleotides Polymers = polynucleotides (DNA, RNA) AP Biology Nucleotides 3 parts nitrogen base (C-N ring) pentose sugar (5C) ribose in RNA deoxyribose in DNA phosphate (PO4) group AP Biology RNA & DNA RNA single nucleotide chain DNA double nucleotide chain N bases bond in pairs across chains spiraled in a double helix AP Biology Building the polymer AP Biology Nucleic polymer Backbone sugar to PO4 bond new base added to sugar of previous base polymer grows in one direction N bases hang off the sugar-phosphate backbone Dangling bases? Why is this important? AP Biology DNA molecule Double helix H bonds between bases join the 2 strands Adenine:: Thymine (A-T) Cytosine:: Guanine (C-G) AP Biology RNA o A-U (Uracil) o G-C Information polymer Function series of bases encodes information like the letters of a book stored information is passed from parent to offspring need to copy accurately stored information = genes genetic information Passing on information? Why is this important? AP Biology G C T A AP Biology A C G T A C G T A ATP Adenosine triphosphate Adenosine Composed of adenine and ribose Triphosphate 3 phosphate groups attached to each other and the ribose ATP = High energy molecule -supplies energy for muscle contraction and nerve impulses ADP = Lower energy molecule (diphosphate) + AP Biology + What are the complementary base pairs for DNA? A. A-T and G-U 86% B. A-T and G-C C. A-U and G-C D. A-T and C-U CU A- Ta nd GC an d U A- nd Ta A- A- Ta nd GU GC 0% AP Biology 10% 5% What is one difference between DNA and RNA? A. DNA has uracil and RNA does not B. RNA is single stranded and DNA is double stranded C. DNA has 4 bases and RNA has 5 D. DNA has a ribose sugar and RNA does not 81% se s DN A ha sa ba ha s4 DN A a. . 5% su ga r r ib os e an d an d st r gle sin is A RN RN .. . a. . ed .. . A RN an d cil ra ha su DN A AP Biology 10% 5% What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide? A. 5 C sugar, carbon base, carboxyl 80% AP Biology e, ... e. .. en ,n it r og su ga r C 5 ba s ba s ,n it r og en ba s en C 5 5% e. .. 5% su ga r ,n it r og C 3 5 C su ga r su ga r ,c ar bo n ba se , ... group B. 3 C sugar, nitrogen base, phosphate group C. 5 C sugar, nitrogen base, phosphate10% group D. 5 C sugar, nitrogen base, hydroxyl group Which of the following supplies cellular energy for muscle contractions and nerve impulses? A. DNA 95% B. RNA C. ATP D. ABC 5% AP Biology C AB P 0% AT A RN DN A 0% Macromolecules Review AP Biology 2006-2007 Carbohydrates Structure / monomer monosaccharide Function energy raw materials energy storage structural compounds Examples glucose, starch, cellulose, glycogen AP Biology glycosidic bond Lipids Structure triglycerides, steroids, phospholipids, waxes Function energy storage membranes Sex Hormones Insulation/protection Examples Saturated & unsaturated fat, steroids, waxes, phospholipids AP Biology Proteins Structure / monomer amino acids levels of structure Primary Secondary Tertiery Quaternary Function peptide bond enzymes u defense transport u structure signals u receptors Examples digestive enzymes, membrane channels, insulin hormone, actin AP Biology and myosin, antibodies, collagen Nucleic acids Structure / monomer nucleotide Function information storage & transfer Examples DNA, RNA AP Biology PASSWORD AP Biology 2006-2007 Isomers Functional group hydrocarbon AP Biology monosaccharide cellulose polysaccharide AP Biology Glucose Benedict’s solution Iodine AP Biology Triglyceride Phospholipid Fatty acid AP Biology Nitric Acid Secondary Structure Tertiary Structure AP Biology Amino acid R group 20 AP Biology Polypeptide Enzyme Denature AP Biology Nucleotide Deoxyribonucleic acid adenine AP Biology Adenosine triphosphate Cytosine Double helix AP Biology Hemoglobin Insulin Keratin AP Biology MONOSACCHARIDE AMINO ACID TRIGLCERIDE STEROID PHOSPHOLIPID NUCLEOTIDE AP Biology