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DO NOW • What happens during dehydration synthesis? Use your notes. • Label the diagram below: OH __________ + __________ H H OH produces __2__ + _____________________ Slide 1 of 37 End Show 2–3 Carbon Compounds Slide 2 of 37 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 2–3 Carbon Compounds The Chemistry of Carbon The Chemistry of Carbon Organic chemistry is the study of all compounds that contain bonds between carbon atoms. Slide 3 of 37 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 2–3 Carbon Compounds Lipids Lipids Lipids are generally not soluble in water. The common types of lipids are: • fats • oils • waxes • steroids Slide 4 of 37 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 2–3 Carbon Compounds Lipids • Are usually made of – Fatty acids (monomer) – Glycerol (monomer) – Fats, Oil, Waxes can be considered polymers Slide 5 of 37 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 2–3 Carbon Compounds Lipids Function of Lipids – Lipids can be used to store energy. – Chemical messengers – Some lipids are important parts of biological membranes and waterproof coverings. Slide 6 of 37 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 2–3 Carbon Compounds Lipids are found in: Unsaturated Fats Saturated Fats • Fatty tissue (Salmon,herring) • Beef, dairy products • Avocado, canola oil, soybean oil Slide 7 of 37 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 2–3 Carbon Compounds Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids Nucleic acids are polymers assembled from individual monomers known as nucleotides. Slide 8 of 37 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 2–3 Carbon Compounds Nucleic Acids Nucleotides consist of three parts: • a 5-carbon sugar • a phosphate group • a nitrogenous base Slide 9 of 37 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 2–3 Carbon Compounds Nucleic Acids Nucleic acids store and transmit hereditary, or genetic, information in the form of: • ribonucleic acid (RNA) • deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) Slide 10 of 37 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 2–3 Carbon Compounds Proteins Proteins Proteins are macromolecules that contain nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. • Monomers of protein are called amino acids. Slide 11 of 37 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 2–3 Carbon Compounds Proteins Amino acids There are 20 different types of Amino Acids. What makes them different? Slide 12 of 37 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 2–3 Carbon Compounds Proteins The portion of each amino acid that is different is a side chain called an R-group. Slide 13 of 37 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 2–3 Carbon Compounds Proteins The instructions for arranging amino acids into many different proteins are stored in DNA. Protein Molecule Amino Acids Slide 14 of 37 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 2–3 Carbon Compounds Proteins Functions of proteins: –Control rate of reactions •Enzymes are a special type of proteins –Used to form bones and muscles –Transport substances into or out of cells –Help to fight disease - antibodies Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 15 of 37 End Show 2–3 Carbon Compounds Picture of the week! Which Macromolecule is pictured? Slide 16 of 37 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 2–3 Click to Launch: Continue to: - or - Slide 17 of 37 End Show Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 2–3 Large carbohydrate molecules such as starch are known as a. lipids. b. monosaccharides. c. proteins. d. polysaccharides. Slide 18 of 37 End Show Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 2–3 Many lipids are formed from glycerol and a. fatty acids. b. monosaccharides. c. amino acids. d. nucleic acids. Slide 19 of 37 End Show Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 2–3 Proteins are among the most diverse macromolecules because a. they contain both amino groups and carboxyl groups. b. they can twist and fold into many different and complex structures. c. they contain nitrogen as well as carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. d. their R groups can be either acidic or basic. Slide 20 of 37 End Show Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 2–3 Which of the following statements about cellulose is true? a. Animals make it and use it to store energy. b. Plants make it and use it to store energy. c. Animals make it and use it as part of the skeleton. d. Plants make it and use it to give structural support to cells. Slide 21 of 37 End Show Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 2–3 A major difference between polysaccharides and proteins is that a. plants make polysaccharides, while animals make proteins. b. proteins are made of monomers, while polysaccharides are not. c. polysaccharides are made of monosaccharides, while proteins are made of amino acids. d. proteins carry genetic information, while polysaccharides do not. Slide 22 of 37 End Show Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall END OF SECTION