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Organic Compounds Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins & Nucleic Acids Carbon Why is carbon so special? Atomic # ______ ______valence electrons Can make up to 4 ____________ bonds Building block for the biomolecules of life! Macromolecules 4 Macromolecules ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ People Love Chicken Nuggets Macromolecules Every macromolecule has ____________ Single unit of a whole ____________ Many units or monomers bonded together Carbohydrates Made of ____________, ____________, & ____________ Unique 1:2:1 pattern Used for energy mostly and sometimes for structure in plants Monomer: ________________ 2 monomers: _______________ Polymer: ________________ Units of Carbs There ____________– our energy source ____________ - sweetener ____________– not as common There are 3 monosaccharides are 3 polysaccharides ____________– how we store carbs ____________– how plants store carbs ____________– structure in plants Lipids Made of ____________ & ____________ Does not dissolve in water High ratio of carbon and hydrogen atoms 3 types of lipids ____________ ____________ ____________ Triglycerides Triglycerides - FATS Saturated Have no ____________ ____________ in their fatty acid chains – maximum # of H atoms Straight Fat chain Usually ____________ fats ____________ at room temp Triglycerides – OILS Unsaturated Have at least one ____________ ____________ in their fatty acid chain Forms Fat a kink in the chain Usually ____________ and from plants ____________ at room temp Phospholipid Phospholipid Found in all our cells Makes up the cell ____________ 2 layers of phospholipids ____________ ____________ Phospholipid Bilayer Wax ______fatty acid chain to a glycerol Waterproof Create protective layer in animals and plants Steroids - hormones Steroids ____________ carbon rings linked together Usually our ____________ Ex: ____________ is found in our cell membranes http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/obesi ty/obesity_molecular/01.html http://www.wisconline.com/objects/ViewObject.aspx?ID= AP13204 Protein Macromolecules with ____________, ____________, ____________, and __________ Monomer: ____________ ____________ 2 monomers: _______________ Polymer: _______________ Amino Acids Each amino acid has three main groups ____________ group ____________ group ______ group (changes) Change the formation and properties of the amino acid Amino Acid Glycine R group The R group makes each amino acid different There are _____ possible amino acids based off this one group The R group is = ____________ Proteins Peptide bond = covalent bond Links amino acids together For every peptide bond, one molecule of water is formed Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=va0D NJId_CM Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lijQ3a 8yUYQ Fold it! Help scientists figure out protein folding This game is open to the public The first hundred puzzles are known proteins But many proteins are not decoded and scientists are asking for our help to figure them out http://fold.it/ Enzymes Proteins are in our bodies everywhere! Enzyme is a type of protein that is a ____________ Catalyst starts a reaction Produce ____________ Enzymes Each enzyme has an area known as the ____________ ____________ Where a specific molecule binds and a reaction occurs The molecule binding is called a ______________ Enzyme conditions Enzymes work at a specific conditions ____________ ____________ Causes enzyme to change shape and lose its function http://www.sumanasinc.com/webconten t/animations/content/proteinstructure.ht ml http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/obesi ty/obesity_molecular/01.html http://www.wisconline.com/objects/ViewObject.aspx?ID= AP13204 Nucleic Acids Contains ____________, ____________, ____________, ____________, and ____________ Nucleic Acids Monomer = ____________ 5 carbon ____________ ____________ group ____________ base Properties Store genetic information Two kinds of nucleic acids ____________ ____________