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MACROMOLECULES ________________S _Lipids____ ______________S ________________S CARBOHYDRATES Used for ________and_________ Made by plants from water and CO2 during ______________ EXAMPLES: Monosaccharides Disaccharides __________________ Monosaccharides Simple sugars Examples: Glucose Fructose Galactose Disaccharides (double sugars) Maltose = Lactose = Sucrose = Polysaccharides (long chains of ________) Starch in potato cells Storage “energy” Starch (plants) Glycogen (animals) Structural Cellulose (plant cells) Chitin (insects, fungi) makes up cell walls of plants LIPIDS All are Hydrophobic – _______________ Saturated Unsaturated Polyunsaturated Functions of FAT 1. ____________________ 2. Cushions organs 3. ___________________ . Types of FAT Saturated Unsaturated Hydrogenated Solid at room temp Liquid at room temp Solid at rm temp (Liquid oil converted to a solid) The structure of a FAT: Energy is found in the ________ and there is so much energy b/c there are so many bonds. That’s why it takes so much work to “burn” fat. An Interesting Fact So, what’s OLESTRA? How come it makes chips and Doritos “fat free”?? Olestra is a synthetic fat - it is very big and bulky. Because it is so bulky, the fat-digesting enzymes in our intestines cannot break it down...and it passes through unchanged. PROTEIN ____________ are the building blocks There are ______ different amino acids Each protein has a _______________________________ That shape allows it to function properly Why do we need protein? What do we eat to get protein? What we do with the protein once we digest it: Hair Hemoglobin Muscle Functions of Proteins 1. Transport – 2. Hormones – 3. Contractile – 4. Defensive - 5. Enzymes – 6. Structural – Denaturation A protein can be DENATURED by exposure to "harsh" environments such as ________________________________ In these environments, the bonds that hold the protein together break and cause it to unravel This _______ the protein from functioning Heat NUCLEIC ACIDS DNA Contains genetic code What you inherited from your parents Give instructions to cell RNA Helps DNA do it’s job Works Cited www.biology.iupui.edu/.../N100H/macromol.html http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/C/Carbohy drates.html#starches http://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/Michael.Gregory/files/Bio% 20100/Bio%20100%20Lectures/Biochemistry/biochemi.htm www.biology.com http://www.bioloj.ca/12U_Biology/macromolecule/lipids.html