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•SetTranslation
up Cornell Notes on
8.5
pg. 99
•Topic: 8.5 Translation
•Essential Question:
1. Explain the connection
between a codon and
an amino acid.
2. Suppose a tRNA
molecule had the
anticodon AGU. What
amino acid would it
carry?
•Don’t forget to add it to
your T.O.Contents!
8.5 Translation
2.1 Atoms, Ions,
and Molecules
1. Explain the connection
between a codon and an
amino acid.
2. Suppose a tRNA
molecule had the
anticodon AGU. What
amino acid would it
carry?
8.5 Translation
KEY CONCEPT
Translation converts an mRNA message into a
polypeptide, or protein.
*Use the definition of Translation to describe the key concept.
8.5 Translation
• Translation is a process that converts a message from
one language into another.
Hey, I know a joke! A squirrel walks up to a
tree and says, "I forgot to store acorns for the
winter and now I am dead." Ha! It is funny
because the squirrel gets dead.
8.5 Translation
Translate these sentences: (pg. 98)
T
HEC
ATA
SI SAT
H ISD
HE
TET
HER AT
ETH
EPI
OGW
ASH
RFA
TCA
TSA
E
OT
T
8.5 Translation
Translate these sentences:
T HEC ATA TET HER AT
THE CAT ATE THE RAT
SI SAT ETH EPI
E
SIS ATE THE PIE
H ISD OGW
ASH OT
HIS DOG WAS HOT
HE
RFA
TCA TSA
T
HER FAT
CAT SAT
8.5 Translation
• Translation converts mRNA messages into polypeptides
which make
proteins.
– mRNA can be translated into 20 different amino acids
8.5 Translation
• How can just four nucleotides (A, U, C, and G) be
translated into so many different amino acids?
• The same way 26 letters of the alphabet can be
translated into so many words.
– ape
– pea
The four letters of RNA are put together in
different combinations to form many different
“words”
–A
U
C
G
8.5 Translation
• A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides that codes
for an amino acid.
codon for
methionine (Met)
codon for
leucine (Leu)
8.5 Translation
• The genetic code
matches each codon to its amino acid or
.
function.
•1st two
nucleotides
are the
most
important
8.5 Translation
Tell me what these genetic codes code for (98)
1. GCC
2. AAA
3. AGC
4. UAG
5. AUA
6. AAU
7. GCA
8. CCG
9. UCA
10. AGG
8.5 Translation
1. GCC- alanine (Ala)
2. AAA- Lysine (Lys)
3. AGC- Serine (Ser)
4. UAG- stop codon
5. AUA- Isoleucine (Ile)
6. AAU- Asparagine (Asp)
7. GCA- Alanine (Ala)
8. CCG- Proline (Pro)
9. UCA- Serine (Ser)
10. AGG- Arginine (Arg)
8.5 Translation
SPONGE 6
• Please tell me which amino acids these codons
code for:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
CCG
AGU
UAG
AUG
AGA
• Please draw and label a picture of a segment of
mRNA
8.5 Translation
Please tell me which amino acids these codons code for:
1. CCG- proline
2. AGU- serine
3. UAG- STOP
4. AUG- methionine
5. AGA- arginine
Please draw and label a picture of a segment of mRNA
codon
codon
8.5 Translation
– start codon = AUG
Tells where to start reading
– Three stop codons
»UAG
»UAA
»UGA
Codes for the end
8.5 Translation
• A change in the order in which codons are read changes
the resulting protein.
8.5 Translation
RANTHEFATCATSATONAHATHISSISWASMAD
RANTHEFATCATSATONAHATHISSISWA
RANTHEFATCATSATONAHATHISSISWA
8.5 Translation
• Regardless of the organism, codons code for the same
amino acid.
•SetTranslation
up Cornell Notes on
8.5
pg. 101
•Topic: 8.5 Translation
•Essential Question:
1. Explain the connection
between a codon and
an amino acid.
2. Suppose a tRNA
molecule had the
anticodon AGU. What
amino acid would it
carry?
•Don’t forget to add it to
your T.O.Contents!
8.5 Translation
2.1 Atoms, Ions,
and Molecules
1. Explain the connection
between a codon and an
amino acid.
2. Suppose a tRNA
molecule had the
anticodon AGU. What
amino acid would it
carry?
8.5 Translation
• An anticodon is a set of three nucleotides that is
complementary to an mRNA codon.
– AUG
– UAC
– carried by a tRNA (transfer RNA).
8.5 Translation
• Ribosomes consist of two subunits.
– The large subunit has three binding sites for tRNA.
– The small subunit binds to mRNA.
8.5 Translation
8.5 Translation
• tRNA binds to a start codon (AUG) and signals the
ribosome to assemble.
Amino
acid
AUG
Start
codon
8.5 Translation
2. A complementary tRNA anticodon binds to the exposed
codon
8.5 Translation
3. The ribosome helps form a polypeptide bond between
the amino acids.
– The ribosome pulls the mRNA strand the length of
one codon.
8.5 Translation
4. The now empty tRNA molecule exits the ribosome.
– A complementary tRNA molecule binds to the
next exposed codon.
8.5 Translation
5. This continues until a stop codon is reached (UAG,
UAA, or UGA)
-The ribosome releases the protein and disassembles.
8.5 Translation
Protein Synthesis
Replication
DNA
AA G
A C G
T A G
T T C
T G C
A T C
AA G
A C G
UA G
DNA
Transcription
mRNA
Translation
codon
Lys
Thr
Stop
tRNA
U U C
anticodon
UG C
AU C
Amino Acids
8.5 Translation
1. Explain the connection between a codon and an amino acid.
2. Compare the process of translation to translating Spanish into English.
3. Compare Start and Stop codons to the beginning and end of a sentence.
1. What is an anticodon?
For # 1-10- use the amino acid chart on pg. 244 to find which amino acids would
be encoded by the mRNA codes below:
1. GCC
2. AAA
3. AGC
4. UAG
5. AUA
6. AAU
7. GCA
8. CCG
9. UCA
10. AGG
8.5 Translation
1. Explain the connection between a codon and an amino acid.
A codon is a three-nucleotide sequence that codes for an amino acid.
1. Compare the process of translation to translating Spanish into English.
Just as we could translate English into Spanish, cells can translate an RNA message into
amino acids, to build proteins.
1. Compare Start and Stop codons to the beginning and end of a sentence.
A start codon (like the first word in a sentence) codes for the start of translation and the
start of an amino acid chain, the stop codon codes for the end of the amino acid chain
(like the period at the end of a sentence).
1. What is an anticodon?
A set of three nucleotides that is complementary to an mRNA codon.
1. GCC- alanine
2. AAA- Lysine
3. AGC- Serine
4. UAG- stop codon
5. AUA- Isoleucine
6. AAU- Asparagine
7. GCA- Alanine
8. CCG- Proline
9. UCA- Serine
10. AGG- Arginine