Download RNA & Transcription

RNA & Transcription
 Contains the genetic instructions used in the
development and functioning of all organisms
 Found in the nucleus of cells!
 Made up of Nucleotides



Sugar (deoxyribose)
Phosphate
Nitrogenous Base
Adenine
 Thymine
 Cytosine
 Guanine

 1 DNA strand
2 DNA strands
 The first DNA strand acts as a template for
the newly formed strand of DNA
 DNA polymerase copies the new strand of
DNA
 Practice replicating DNA!!!
 Single stranded
 Sugar is Ribose
 DNA = Deoxyribose
 RNA is Copied from DNA during a
process called transcription
 Made up of nucleotides
 Does not contain thymine
 Uracil (U) replaces thymine in RNA
strand
 DNA
ATT GAT CAT AGT
 RNA
UAA CUA GUA UCA
 mRNA- (messenger RNA) sends the message
of DNA to the ribosomes
 rRNA- (ribosomal RNA) make up ribosomes

(place of protein assembly)
 tRNA- (transfer RNA) transfers the RNA
message into proteins
Makes RNA from DNA
DNA- GCA CTA GTC ATC
RNA- CGU GAU CAG UAG
 End Result:
1 DNA strand
1 mRNA Strand
 1. RNA polymerase, an enzyme, binds to DNA
found in the nucleus and separates the DNA
strands
 2. RNA polymerase then uses one strand of
DNA as a template for assembling a strand of
mRNA that is then released into the
cytoplasm.
 DNA Replication

1 DNA Strand
2 DNA Strands
 Transcription

DNA
RNA

 Translation

RNA
Protein
End of DNA /RNA
 The sequence of nucleotides serves as
instructions for the order of amino acids
 Proteins are made from joining many amino
acids into a long chain
 The code is read 3 letters at a time
 Every three nucleotides is a
word known as a codon.
 AGTTCCGAT
 AGT TCC GAT
 Each specific codon
represents a single amino
acid
 Chains of amino acid
make proteins
 64 different codons
 Decoding of a mRNA into a polypeptide chain
or protein.

First mRNA is transcribed from DNA and released
to the cytoplasm
 Step 1: A ribosome forms around a molecule of
mRNA

needs the start codon AUG
 Step 2: Each codon allows the proper amino acid
to be brought into the ribosome by tRNA.
 Step 3: The amino acids are attached together
along an “assembly line” to form a chain.
 Step 4: The new protein grows as the codons
are 'read‘

until a stop codon appears
 Step 5: The completed protein is released.
 http://www-
class.unl.edu/biochem/gp2/m_biology/anima
tion/gene/gene_a3.html
 http://www.stolaf.edu/people/giannini/flasha
nimat/molgenetics/translation.swf
 http://www.brookscole.com/chemistry_d/te
mplates/student_resources/shared_resources
/animations/protein_synthesis/protein_synth
esis.html
 http://highered.mcgraw-
hill.com/olc/dl/120077/micro06.swf
 http://www.fed.cuhk.edu.hk/~biology/teachin
g/genetics/animations/translation.htm
 http://www-
class.unl.edu/biochem/gp2/m_biology/anima
tion/gene/gene_a3.html
 http://www-
ass.unl.edu/biochem/gp2/m_biology/animati
on/gene/gene_a3.html
 http://www.fed.cuhk.edu.hk/~biology/teachin
g/genetics/animations/translation.htm
 http://highered.mcgraw-
hill.com/olc/dl/120077/micro06.swf
 http://www.brookscole.com/chemistry_d/te
mplates/student_resources/shared_resources
/animations/protein_synthesis/protein_synth
esis.html
 Start codon- "AUG" - Methionine

signals initiation translation
 Stop Codon- "UAG, UAA, and UGA"

signals termination of translation
 UUUCAGGAA
 AUACCGAGA
 GCUGACUAC