Download Pre-Lecture Questions - Brain and Cranial Nerves

Biology 2121 – Pre-Lecture Questions – Brain and Cranial Nerves
I. Complete the table concerning cerebral hemispheres and lobes
1. Name the 5 lobes of the brain
2. Name the fissure that separates the
two hemispheres.
3. Which fissure separates the cerebral
hemispheres from the cerebellum?
4. What does the central sulcus
separate?
5. What does the lateral sulcus
separate?
II. Complete the tables concerning the brain ventricles.
Ventricle
1. Lateral Ventricles
2. Third Ventricles
3. Fourth Ventricle
4. What structure allows the
lateral ventricles to
communicate with the third
ventricle?
5. The third and fourth
ventricles are connected by
this structure.
6. What are the functions of
the apertures?
Location
Deep in the cerebral hemispheres, separated by the septum pellucidum
(membrane)
III. Complete the table concerning the brain protection- Meninges
Structure
1. Dura Mater
Location
Characteristics
Outer meninges layer
Two-layers of connective tissue: superficial called
periosteal layer and meningeal layer
2. Dural Sinuses
3. Arachnoid Mater
4. Pia Mater
IV. Complete the following table concerning cerebrospinal fluid (production and circulation)
1. State several
characteristics/functions of
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
2. Describe the contents of the CSF.
3. What is the function of the choroid
plexus? Where are they located?
4. How much CFS is produced per day?
Cushions the brain; makes brain buoyant; reduces brain weight by
97%; protects brain from blows; provides nourishment for the brain.
V. Complete the following table concerning the blood-brain barrier.
1. List several functions of the blood
brain barrier.
2. Explain why the blood brain barrier
is considered to be selective. Give
examples.
3. What substances is the blood brain
barrier ineffective against?
4. Explain why the hypothalamus
dependent on the blood brain
barrier?
VI. Complete the table concerning the Diencephalon
Part
Structure
Consist of many nuclei;
each has a specific
function;
1. Thalamus
2.
Hypothalamus
3. Epithalamus
Function(s)
Other Characteristics
From the nuclei in the thalamus fibers
run to and from the cerebral cortex;
Afferent impulses from all senses from
all parts of the body are directed to the
thalamus; Sorts out information ; gives
us a crude understanding of sensations;
mediates sensation, motor activities,
learning and memory.
Intermediate mass
connects thalamic nuclei
from each hemisphere.
VII. Brain Stem- complete the table below
Parts
1. Midbrain
2. Pons
3. Medulla
Oblongata
Structure
Function(s)
Other Characteristics
VIII. Answer the questions concerning the Basal Nuclei below
1. Where is the basal nuclei
located?
2. Summarize the basic structures
of the basal nuclei
3. Summarize the function(s) of the
basal nuclei.
IX. Complete the table below concerning the cerebellum.
1. How much of the total brain
mass does the cerebellum
account for?
2. Describe the location of the
cerebellum.
3. Briefly summarize the basic
functions of the cerebellum.
4. How many hemispheres
does the cerebellum have?
What separates them?
5. What are the Purkinje
Fibers? What is their
function(s)?
6. What are the arbor vitae?
X. Answer the questions concerning the cerebral cortex below.
1. What % of the total brain
mass does the cerebral
cortex account for?
2. Name the three functional
areas of the cortex.
3. How thick is the cortex?
4. Are the hemispheres equal
in function? Explain
5. Contralateral refers to what
concerning the cerebral
hemispheres.
6. Where is the primary or
somatic motor cortex
located?
7. What are the pyramidal
cells and tracts? What is
their function?
8. What is the function of the
primary motor cortex?
9. Briefly summarize the most
important aspects of the
premotor cortex
10. Do the same for Broca’s
area.
11. Do the same for the frontal
eye field.
12. What is the general
function(s) of the Sensory
Cortex?
13. State where the Primary
Sensory Cortex is located.
14. What lobes are the sensory
cortex located in?
XI. Answer the following questions concerning the Sensory Cortex.
1. Neurons in the primary somatosensory cortex area receive information from the
_________________________________________.
2. The neurons then identify the body region being stimulated and this is called ______________________________________.
3. The major function of the somatosensory associatin cortex is ________________________________________________________.
4. State the function(s) of each sensory cortex area and the function(s) of the association areas.
Primary Visual Cortex: ________________________________________________________________________________________
Visual Association Cortex: _____________________________________________________________________________________
Primary Auditory Cortex: ______________________________________________________________________________________
Olfactory Cortex: _____________________________________________________________________________________________
Gustatory Cortex: ____________________________________________________________________________________________
Visceral Sensory Area: ________________________________________________________________________________________
Vestibular Cortex: ____________________________________________________________________________________________
XII. Answer the following questions concerning the White Matter of the Brain.
1. These white fibers connect gray areas of each hemisphere: ____________________________________The largest of these
commisures is the ______________________.
2. The Association Fibers _______________________________________________________________________________
3. _________________ Fibers connect the rest of the nervous system (receptors, effectors) to the cortex.
4. The outside part of the brain is _______________ mater and the internal part of the brain is composed of ______________
matter.
XIII. Answer the following questions concerning the Cranial Nerves (begins on page 500)
1. There are ____________ pairs of cranial nerves.
2. Complete the table below concerning cranial nerves
Nerve
Number
Function
Olfactory
I
Sensory only; afferent impulses carried to CNS for sense of smell
Optic
II
Sensory only; carries afferent impulses back to the CNS for vision
Oculomotor
III
Mostly motor (efferent); somatic motor nerves to the 6 extrinsic skeletal muscles
of the eye; Parasympathetic autonomic motor fibers to the sphincter pupillae
(muscles of iris) controls lens shape; and sensory afferent fibers called
proprioceptors of the eye, that send information back to the CNS.
Trochlear Nerves
IV
Mostly motor nerves that supply somatic motor fibers to the superior oblique
muscle of the eye.
V1 division:
Trigeminal
V
V2 division:
V3 division:
Abducens
VI
Facial
VII
Vestibulocochlear
VIII
Glossopharyngeal
IX
Vagus
X
Accessory Nerve
XI
Hypoglossal
XII
3. What is a mixed nerve? ______________________________________________________________________________________
4. List the cranial nerves that are mixed: ___________________________________________________________________________