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Computer Graphics
Prof. Muhammad Saeed
Dept. of Computer Science & IT
Federal Urdu University of Arts, Sciences and Technology
Computer Graphics
Hardware IV
Hardware
(Display Technologies and Devices)
IV
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Dept. of Comp. Sc.& IT
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Computer Graphics
Hardware IV
Organic LED Arrays
Organic Light-Emitting
Diode (OLED) Arrays
The display of the future?
OLED are:
 Transparent
 Flexible
 Light-emitting, and quite
bright (daylight visible)
 Large viewing angle
 Fast (< 1 microsecond
off-on-off)
 Can be made large or
small
 Available for cell phones
and car stereos
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Computer Graphics
Hardware IV
FED:
FED’s use an array of carbon nanotubes for emission of electrons
• Field Emissive Displays were once heir to CRT throne
• Super-small emitters of electrons attracted to front
glass
• Super-fine pixel pitch (comparable to OLEDs)
• High brightness,
wide viewing angles,
saturated color
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Computer Graphics
Hardware IV
SED (Surface-conduction Electron-emitter Display)
SED uses an emitter array based on palladium oxide
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Computer Graphics
Hardware IV
iMod:
• Interferometric Modulator uses natural
reflective principles (interferometer)
• Two-position pixel reflects or absorbs light
• RGB stripes are used for color imaging
• Initial target is handheld electronics, nearto-eye
• Marketed in May 2008 for mobile displays
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Computer Graphics
Hardware IV
DLP™ technology is based on an optical semiconductor called a Digital
Micromirror Device (DMD) chip which was invented in 1987 by Texas
Instruments. The DMD is basically an extremely precise light switch that
enables light to be modulated digitally via millions of microscopic mirrors
arranged in a rectangular array. Each mirror is spaced less than 1 micron apart that's a thin gap compared to LCD. These mirrors are literally capable of
switching on and off thousands of times per second and are used to direct light
towards, and away from, a dedicated pixel space. The duration of the on/off
timing determines the level of gray seen in the pixel. Current DMD chips can
produce up to 1024 shades of gray. By integrating this grayscale capability with
a 6 panel color wheel (2x RGB), the DLP system is able to produce more than
16 million colors. A DMD system can
be made up of a single chip or 3 chips,
resulting in even greater color
reproduction. For example, DLP
Cinema systems can reproduce over
35 trillion colors.
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Computer Graphics
Hardware IV
EL Display: One Color Fits All
• Electroluminescent display uses a common-color
phosphor emitter (blue)
• Color filters (stripes) provide R, G, B imaging
• Matrix of electrodes for pixel activation
• Bright display, wide viewing angles
• Similar to LCD with single-color backlight
• Similar to plasma with emissive operation
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Computer Graphics
Hardware IV
ELV Display
• Electrowetting light valve display uses oil and
water mixture to shutter light
• Change in voltage potential causes oil to shift
position
• Light source is individual RGB LEDs
• Bright transmissive display, wide viewing angles
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Computer Graphics
Hardware IV
Electronic Paper
•
•
•
•
Portable, flexible, reusable, light-weight, non-backlit
Slow for animations
Wider viewing angle
Used in e-books
» Video
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Computer Graphics
Hardware IV
Microsoft Surface Technology
• Surface looks like surface of a table
• No mouse or keyboard, just fingers moving and
touching on the surface
• Surface recognizes camera, mobile, etc.
• File transfer from one device to another with just the
flick of a finger
• Touch animations and multimedia handling
» Video
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Dept. of Comp. Sc.& IT
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Computer Graphics
Hardware IV
Wall Display
• No mouse or keyboard, just fingers moving on the
surface or accepting a particular sign language or
sound
• Made using different technologies
• Used in conferences, stadia and halls
• Animations and multimedia handling
» Video
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Computer Graphics
Hardware IV
Hologram
•
•
•
•
Made using laser technology
3-D display and 3-D Screens
Contains a lot of information
Useful for archiving 3-D objects, advertisements,
exhibition of expensive objects
• Holographic interactive Computer Screens
» Video I
» Video II
» Video III
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Computer Graphics
Hardware IV
Raster and Vector Display
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Computer Graphics
Hardware IV
Raster Graphics
Monitors
How to generate a
line using rasters
A line is
represented by
assigning some
pixels a value of 1
The entire line is
specified by the
pixel values
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Computer Graphics
Hardware IV
Vector Graphics
Plotters
How to generate
an image using
vectors
A line is represented
by endpoints (50,50)
to (120,150)
The points along the
line are computed
using a line equation
y = mx + b
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Computer Graphics
Hardware IV
Bitmap Images
Enlarging a bitmap image
simply enlarges the
individual dots of color.
The result is bigger,
chunkier dots, with no
additional detail.
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vs
Vector Images
When a vector image is
enlarged, it is re-drawn at a
higher resolution,
displaying as much detail
as possible from the
original image.
Dept. of Comp. Sc.& IT
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Computer Graphics
Hardware IV
END
Hardware IV
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