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Grupo de Discusión
de Bioseguridad,
GEF
25/11/04
Rolf Immler
Ética
ÉTICA
(lat. ethicum)
Parte teórica de la valoración moral
de los actos humanos.
(SIN.: Moral = Conjunto de reglas de conducta
propuestas por una determinada doctrina o inherentes
a una determinada condición)
Conjunto de principios y normas morales
que regulan las actividades humanas.
Diccionario enciclopédico Larousse 2002
ÉTICA
El cometido específico de la ética es el estudio de una
dimensión particular dentro de la realidad humana:
la referida a la actividad libre, o sea, a la conducta responsable
e imputable. Responsabilidad e imputabilidad son conceptos
íntimamente conexos. La primera es una característica propia
del obrar humano, la segunda, una calificación de las acciones
humanas consecuencia de la anterior.
¿Hay solamente una ética?
Bioética:
La ética para asuntos del área de la biología.
“Genethics”:
No es nada más que un juego de palabras
muy atractivo.
La relevancia de los aspectos éticos
La relevancia de los aspectos éticos habitualmente
presentes en las decisiones científicas es un hecho
real de trascendencia en el ámbito del ejercicio profesional.
Hay que recordar que la ética pertenece al conjunto grande
de ciencias catalogadas globalmente bajo la denominación
de "antropológicas", las que tienen como sujeto de su
análisis al hombre en cuanto tal, con la diferencia de
considerar cada una de ellas con su propio método,
un aspecto diverso en dicho sujeto.
The field of bioethics emerged over thirty years ago.
It provides a practical language for mediating between
developments in science and popular culture and a means
for our society to talk about its deepest moral concerns,
fears and hopes.
This languageis employed to promote scholarly and public
understanding of the ethical, legal, social and public policy
implications of advances in the life sciences and medicine.
It fosters informed dialogue about these issues across
a broad spectrum of opinion
--- so that not only are the right questions addressed,
but that the answers given rest upon solid facts and
cogent arguments.
(Univ. of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine, Dept. of Medical Ethics)
“Virtually everything good that you've heard about
biotechnology is true.
It's making inroads against killers such as cancer,
heart disease, and stroke. It's stopping other diseases
for which until recently the best treatment was an aspirin.
Biotech crops will provide malnourished peoples with enough
calories to turn them into American-sized butterballs.
But to many, biotech has a dark side. They fear cloning
humans to rip out their organs as replacements, turning our
offspring into ”Uebermenschen”, and distorting the whole
concept of what it is to be human.”
Michael Fumento (2004)
Senior fellow at the Hudson Institute in Washington, DC,
author of “BioEvolution: How Biotechnology Is Changing Our World.” (2003)
¡No solamente los críticos son bioéticos!
“Leading bioethicists are currently expressing serious
reservations about long-term ethical and social consequences
of various research initiatives in biotechnology.”
“If critics ….. focus on only worst-case scenarios
and extreme developments, important research …
…might be curtailed.”
“Generating public controversy by focusing primarily
on the dangers of ….. risks undermining research that
might play an important role in ….. (resolving problems).”
Turner 2004
“Admittedly, we should recognize that
incremental scientific advances could
eventually lead to significant changes
in human experience. Furthermore,
developments in biomedical research
are unpredictable. But humans are
capable of adapting to changing
circumstances.”
Turner 2004
“Thoughtful ethical analysis of contemporary
biomedical (biotechnological) research ought
to avoid philosophical and rhetorical excesses.
We need more temperate discussion of current
developments in biotechnology.”
“We need more temperate commentary on the potential ethical,
social and legal ramifications of research.”
“We need more temperate commentary from bioethicists: we
need to challenge the hyperbole of utopian and dystopian thinkers
and examine more carefully the benefits and burdens that …
…interventions are likely to generate.”
Turner 2004
We are dealing less with an
increasing irrational hostility
to technology
than with a decreasing
(irrational too) faith in technology.
“What can ethics, or moral philosophy, contribute here?
Philosophers disagree about the precise scope, function and
methodology of ethics, but many (including myself) would
argue that ethics cannot provide conclusive answers or proof
about what is right or wrong to do in particular situations.
The role of ethics is rather to analyze and clarify our everyday
moral beliefs and intuitions, turning a critical spotlight upon
them by asking the two simple-sounding questions which
have lain at the heart of philosophy since Socrates:
What do you mean?
How do you know?
Dr. Roger Straughan (1995)
Reader in Education,
University of Reading, UK
Los tres criterios para el
manejo razonable de la
biotecnología
S.E.L.
Dr. Rolf M. Immler