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+ HU 300 MORALITY + Moral Theories Ethical Egoism – Based on A descriptive theory of psychological egoism. Psychology Egoism- Everyone has an innate desire to take care of their own interests Ethical Egoism - (universal) Everyone should peruse their own interests exclusive Altruism – Based on a descriptive theory of Altruism Ethical Altruism – (Universal) Individuals have an innate concern for others. Utilitarianism –The greatest good for the greatest number. Consequentialist. + Moral Theories Moral Absolutism—the belief or theory that there are absolute standards against which moral questions can be judged—suggests that morals are not determined by societal or situational influences Morals are inherent in the laws of the universe, the nature of humanity, or some other fundamental source Moral Relativism—The view that ethical standards, morality, and positions of right or wrong are culturally based, and therefore, subject to a person's individual choice. Ethical Subjectivism --holds that morality is relative to individuals. Cultural relativism--holds that morality is relative to culture. + Right Here Right Now Someplace Else Some Other Time + RING OF GYGES: If you had a ring that would make you INVISIBLE, what would you do? Plato’s Republic + RING OF GYGES Glaucon says that many people do whatever they can get away with while maintaining their reputation. What do you think about his conclusion? + RING OF GYGES Does our assessment of what is “right” or “wrong” depend on the consequences? + Immanuel Kant Kantian philosophy espouses that humans are born with an inner morality—a conscience that acts as a compass, pointing us toward right and away from wrong. + The Source? Do you agree that we are born with a sense of morality, or do you believe morality is something that is taught?