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Transcript
[CELL GROWTH AND DIVISION] Introduction to Biology 1. One of the key features that separates life from non-life is: 2. Do all cells have the ability to reproduce? 3. How do unicellular organisms reproduce? 4. What is cell division needed for in multicellular organisms? a. b. c. 5. Define asexual reproduction – a. The offspring produced are __________________________. b. What are the four benefits of reproducing asexually? i. ii. iii. iv. c. Who can reproduce asexually? 6. Define sexual reproduction – a. What is the benefit of sexual reproduction? b. Who can reproduce sexually? 7. Define genome – 8. DNA molecules in a cell are packaged into _________________________. Biology Teaching Resources http://www.aurumscience.com/biology.html 1 [CELL GROWTH AND DIVISION] Introduction to Biology Chromosomes 9. What is the purpose of chromosomes? a. Every cell must ____________________________________ before cell division. b. Each new daughter cell gets _____________________________________________. c. Cells of every organism have ____________________________________________. 10. Prokaryotic cells lack _________________. a. Where is their DNA? b. What form does their chromosome take? c. Draw a picture of a prokaryotic cell with chromosome below: 11. In eukaryotic cells, chromosomes are located in the _________________ and are made of ___________________. 12. What is chromatin made of? 13. What are nucleosomes? 14. What are chromosomes made of? 15. What must happen to prepare for cell division? a. Each duplicated chromosome forms ___________________________________. b. What is the centromere? 2 [CELL GROWTH AND DIVISION] Introduction to Biology Phases of the Cell Cycle 16. The cell cycle consists of: a. The Mitotic (M) Phase – b. Interphase – List the three parts of interphase: i. ii. iii. 17. Label this diagram: 18. What happens in the G1 phase? 19. What happens in the S phase? 20. What happens in the G2 phase? 21. Describe the two phases of cell division in eukaryotes: 3 [CELL GROWTH AND DIVISION] Introduction to Biology a. Mitosis – b. Cytokinesis – 22. Define each of these important structures in mitosis: a. Chromatid – b. Centromere – c. Centrioles – d. Spindle – 23. Fill in this table for the different stages of mitosis: Stage of Mitosis What Happens? What Does it Look Like? Interphase Prophase 4 [CELL GROWTH AND DIVISION] Introduction to Biology Metaphase Anaphase Telophase 24. What is cytokinesis? 25. Describe how cytokinesis occurs in animal cells: 26. Why does the process have to be different in plant cells? 27. What forms instead in plant cells? Binary Fission 5 [CELL GROWTH AND DIVISION] Introduction to Biology 28. Prokaryotes reproduce by a type of cell division called _________________________. 29. What happens during binary fission? 6 [CELL GROWTH AND DIVISION] Introduction to Biology 30. The events of the cell cycle are controlled by a _____________________________________. 31. The control system has specific _________________________ where the cell cycle _______________ until a ______________________ is received. 32. Name the three cell cycle checkpoints: a. b. c. 33. Which checkpoint is the most important? a. What happens if the cell receives a go-ahead signal at this checkpoint? b. What happens if the cell does not receive a go-ahead signal? 34. Describe the two examples of cell growth control: a. Density-dependent inhibition: b. Anchorage dependence: 35. What goes wrong with cancer cells? 36. What are tumors? a. What makes a tumor benign? b. What makes a tumor malignant? 7