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The Kingdom Plantae This kingdom is composed of multicellular, eukaryotic autotrophes. Kingdom Plantae The Producers Plants are the chief producers in all ecosystems. Virtually all food webs rely on plants ability to convert energy (sunlight) into matter (carbohydrates) 2 Phyla There are 2 phyla in the kingdom plantae. The first are the bryophytes. Bryophytes are plants that lack true leaves and stems. Bryophytes cannot grow tall because they do not contain vascular tissue. Vascular tissue Vascular tissue acts as a transport system in some plants. The two types are called Xylem and Phloem. Xylem transports water from the roots to the rest of the plant. Phloem transports nutrients from the leaves to the rest of the plant. Bryophytes Bryophytes do not grow flowers or fruit, nor do they produce seeds. They cannot grow tall, all cover the ground and trees like a carpet. They alternate between sexual and asexual reproduction. Bryophytes are only found in moist environments. Types of bryophytes. Mosses These are small, soft plants that tend to grow in clumps in shady areas with a lot of moisture. Types of bryophytes Liverworts and hornworts It is estimated that there are 6000 to 8000 species of liverworts Tend to have simpler structures than mosses. The first plant? Bryophytes! Tracheophytes More complex than bryophytes. Are capable of growing very tall. Some trees are over 350 feet tall. 3 classes Ferns Gymnosperms Angiosperms Ferns The most similar to bryophytes. Like the bryophytes ferns reproduce with an alteration of generations. Only found in moist areas. Leaves are called fronds. Can grow as big as trees in the tropics. Fern-coal connection Ferns were once the dominant form of plant life on earth. Coal comes from fossilized fern forests. The Gymnosperms Produce seeds that are stored within cones. Often referred to as conifers, most know then as evergreens or pines. Have specialized leaves which resemble needles. Gymnosperms Gymnosperms are always losing and growing new needles, but are never completely bare. Adapted to cold climates. (needles and resin) Important commercially for lumber and paper. Angiosperms Angiosperm means “hidden seeds”. Seeds produced by angiosperms are covered by a fruiting body. Angiosperms also produce flowers. Angiosperms and animals. Angiosperms produce fruit as a mean of seed dispersal. Animals eat the fruit and then scatter the seeds in their wastes. Angiosperms also produce flowers. Angiosperms All flowering and fruiting plants are angiosperms. Most angiosperm trees lose their leaves seasonally. Two types of angiosperms, monocots and dicots. Tracheophytes!!