Download SCIENCE 7 TOPIC 5 NOTES - Stillwater Christian School

SCIENCE TOPIC #5 NOTES
#2: CAN YOU LIST OUT THE FIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF PLANTS?
I. The characteristics of plants:
A. All plants are many-celled.
B. All plants are organized into tissues and
organs.
C. All plants have cell walls.
D. All plants continue to grow throughout their
lives.
E. All plants are either bryophytes or
tracheophytes:
1. Bryophytes are nonvascular which means that they do not have tubes in them to
carry food, water, or minerals.
2. Tracheophytes are vascular which means that they do have tubes in them to carry
food, water, or minerals.
#1: CAN YOU DRAW THE PLANT CLASSIFICATION CHART?
II. The main divisions of the plant kingdom as shown in the Plant Kingdom Chart
PLANT KINGDOM
A. BRYOPHYTES
B. TRACHEOPHYTES
1. MOSSES 2. LIVERWORTS
1. SEEDLESS
a) CLUB MOSSES
2. SEEDBEARING
b) HORSETAILS
c) FERNS
a) GYMNOSPERMS
b) ANGIOSPERMS
i. CONIFERS
ii. OTHERS (THE CYCADS: ZAMIA GINKGOS)
i. MONOCOTS
ii. DICOTS
#3: CAN YOU ANSWER A BUNCH OF MATCHING QUESTIONS BASED ON THE
REST OF OUR CLASS NOTES DEALING WITH THE PLANT KINGDOM?
III. The bryophyte phylum
A. Bryophytes rely on osmosis and diffusion to transport materials and are,
therefore, small is size.
B. Bryophytes are nonflowering, seedless plants and reproduce differently from
flowering, seed bearing plants:
1. Sporophytes release spores which develop into male and
female gametophytes.
2. The male and female gametophytes produce maleand
female sex cells.
3. These male and female sex cells combine to form
sporophytes allowing the cycle to continue.
C. Examples of bryophytes:
1. Mosses grow short stems and are held onto the ground by rhizoids.
2. Liverworts are similar to the mosses but they grow closer to the surface
of the ground in broad, leaf-like structures.
IV. The tracheophyte phylum is broken into two divisions:
A. The seedless, nonflowering plants which reproduce with spores
similarly to the bryophytes and includes such plants as:
1. The club mosses that are not really mosses at all and resemble small
pine trees.
2. The horsetails that have a circle of narrow leaves at their noticeable
joints.
3. The ferns that have true roots, stems, and leaves (fronds).
B. The seed bearing, pollen producing plants are broken down into two
divisions:
1. The gymnospermsa) Gymnosperms are nonflowering
b) Gymnosperms produce seeds without a protective fruit coat (the seeds
are in a cone which is not a fruit).
c) Gymnosperms are mostly conifers, although the tamarack is deciduous.
2. The angiospermsa) Most species of plants are angiosperms.
b) All angiosperms form flowers and have seeds that are covered by fruit.
c) Angiosperms are broken into two groups based on their number of
cotyledons (food storing parts of the seed).
1) The monocots have only one seed part, their vascular tubes are
scattered, their flowers have petals in multiples of 3's, and the veins in
their leaves are parallel.
2) The dicots have the largest number of species in the angiosperm class,
they have two seed parts, their vascular tubes come in uniform bundles,
their flowers have petals in multiples of 4's or 5's, and the veins in their
leaves are netlike.
d) Angiosperm life patterns are characterized as follows:
1) Annuals that live for only one growing season.
2) Biennials which live for two growing seasons.
3) Perennials which grow year after year.