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VB Alder Thickets - Minnesota Board of Water and Soil Resources
VB Alder Thickets - Minnesota Board of Water and Soil Resources

... WOOD FERN FAMILY (Dryopteridaceae) C of C: Native (4 MN)(5 WI) IND. STATUS: FACW FIELD CHARACTERISTICS: This colonial fern supports very dissimilar sterile and fertile fronds. Sterile fronds (leaves) are up to about 60 cm. tall, deciduous (very sensitive to frost), 18-40 cm. x 1535 cm., leathery, li ...
Dichotomous Key to Ferns of Wisconsin
Dichotomous Key to Ferns of Wisconsin

... Sixty-six native species (excluding hybrids) make up the Fern flora of Wisconsin (Wetter et al., 2001). No exotic ferns are found growing in the wild in WI. Only species in the Checklist of Vascular Plants for Wisconsin are included here. This key relies on features found in Flora of North America ( ...
FERNS AND SEED FERNS FROM THE EARLY
FERNS AND SEED FERNS FROM THE EARLY

... is not uncommon. They are than overlain by different strata containing more or less well-preserved plants. In most cases the 10 cm (at its maximum) thick layer in the middle contains the most well-preserved plants, whereas the upper substrate only contains a mixture of chaff. The plants are incorpor ...
topic #11: gymnosperms
topic #11: gymnosperms

... you are well aware, the logging of old growth redwood forests is controversial. Big money is involved—a mature redwood on the stump is worth about $50,000, and many jobs depend on processing the lumber. Demand does not seem to have decreased. The price of finger-jointed redwood (that’s the cheap stu ...
Tem e ennia - Proven Winners
Tem e ennia - Proven Winners

... Pulmonarias? Though they have been grown for hundreds of years, ferns still play an essential role in the landscape today. They come in colors ranging from solid green to silver and orange, but it is their finely textured foliage and ease of culture that make them so popular. CULTURE Though they may ...
PHYLOGENY OF VASCULAR PLANTS
PHYLOGENY OF VASCULAR PLANTS

... derived from a polystele or actinostele by differentiation of the central tissue into pith and transformation of the spongy protoxylem into protoxylem canals, connected with internode elongation. Furthermore, some cladoxylopsids were more like sphenopsids than had been formerly believed: Appendages ...
Bryophytes and Ferns
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The Beginner`s Guide to Burns Bog Flora
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... Western Hemlock is very common in the Delta Nature Reserve, and it’s also one of the easiest trees to identify. Its flat needles form a broad sheet along the branch and have dark green tops with a silvery underside. The edible needles smell like grapefruit when crushed, and the lighter green new gro ...
The Anatomy of Arborescent Plant Life through Time
The Anatomy of Arborescent Plant Life through Time

... tree that belongs to the class Cladoxylopsida. This class is currently placed within the division Pteridophyta. So, fossil stumps at Gilboa are cladoxylopsid trees related to ferns. ...
22–3 Seedless Vascular Plants
22–3 Seedless Vascular Plants

... The embryo can stop growing while it is within the seed, and it can remain this way for a long time. When it grows, it uses nutrients from the stored food ...
Yee_Jonathan_Poster_.. - University of Washington
Yee_Jonathan_Poster_.. - University of Washington

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... together in the kingdom Viridiplantae (“green plants”). This lab briefly introduces the green algae, but includes much more detail on the land plants. You should be aware that not all organisms that do photosynthesis are plants. For example, cyanobacteria are unicellular prokaryotes and they look n ...
Comptonia peregrina - Northern Research Station
Comptonia peregrina - Northern Research Station

... indicate that shade cover has been removed, which stimulates the seeds to germinate in an open situation favorable for seedling establishment. Fresh seed will germinate (80 percent) after scarification and treatment with 500 mg/l gibberellic acid (GA3) for 24 hours (Del Tredici and Torrey 1976). Swe ...
Anatomy - Helping Material for Botany
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... Collectors of petrified wood focus on permineralized plant material related to arborescent (tree-like) plant life. Fascination with fossil wood may be related to human reverence for living trees. Trees provide humans and other organisms with shelter and food. We plant trees near our homes and in our ...
Test 2 Review
Test 2 Review

... *a) diploid; meiosis; haploid b) haploid; mitosis; haploid c) diploid; mitosis; diploid d) diploid; mitosis; haploid e) haploid; meiosis; haploid 97. The _______________ is the dominant phase in the bryophyte life cycle. *a) gametophyte b) sporophyte c) sporangium d) zygote e) archegonium 98. Which ...
video slide - CARNES AP BIO | "Nothing in biology makes
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... Sporophylls and Spore Variations • Sporophylls are modified leaves with sporangia • Most seedless vascular plants are homosporous, producing one type of spore that develops into a bisexual gametophyte • All seed plants and some seedless vascular plants are heterosporous, having two types of spores ...
plant lesson
plant lesson

... Plants together with the Charophycean green algae form a clade. The Charophycean green algae do not have an alternation of generations, but have zygotic meiosis. The sporophytic generation in plants can be thought of as an adaptation for life on land. By generating multiple diploid cells through mit ...
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Exam 2 Sample Questions
Exam 2 Sample Questions

... e) haploid; meiosis; haploid 97. The _______________ is the dominant phase in the bryophyte life cycle. a) gametophyte b) sporophyte c) sporangium d) zygote e) archegonium 98. Which of the following is not common to all phyla of vascular plants? a) the development of seeds b) alternation of generati ...
PLANT DIVERSITY I - Falmouth Schools
PLANT DIVERSITY I - Falmouth Schools

... • Lycophytes have small leaves (microphylls) with single unbranched vein. • Leaves of other vascular plants, megaphylls much larger and highlybranched. QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this pict ure. ...
Chapter 17 Seedless Vascular Plants
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... Approximately 93% of plant species are vascular plants. Vascular plants contain vascular tissue. There are two kinds of vascular tissue: Xylem conducts water and minerals up from the soil. The cell walls of xylem cells help support the plant. • Phloem conducts organic nutrients from one part of the ...
20.2 Classification of Plants
20.2 Classification of Plants

... • Ginkgos are gymnosperms in phylum Ginkgophyta. Conifera ...
20.2 Classification of Plants Angiosperms
20.2 Classification of Plants Angiosperms

... • Ginkgos are gymnosperms in phylum Ginkgophyta. Conifera ...
22-3 Seedless Vascular Plants
22-3 Seedless Vascular Plants

... Evolution of Vascular Tissue The first vascular plants contained tracheids which are cells specialized to conduct water. Tracheids make up xylem, a transport subsystem that carries water from the roots to every part of a ...
22-3 Seedless Vascular Plants
22-3 Seedless Vascular Plants

... Life Cycles 5. Ferns and other vascular plants have a diploid sporophyte in a dominant stage. -sporophyte can survive years ...
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Fern



A fern is a member of a group of approximately 12,000 species of vascular plants that reproduce via spores and have neither seeds nor flowers. They differ from mosses by being vascular (i.e. having water-conducting vessels). They have stems and leaves, like other vascular plants. Most ferns have what are called fiddleheads that expand into fronds, which are each delicately divided.Leptosporangiate ferns (sometimes called true ferns) are by far the largest group, but ferns as defined here (ferns sensu lato) include horsetails, whisk ferns, marattioid ferns, and ophioglossoid ferns. This group may be referred to as monilophytes. The term pteridophyte traditionally refers to ferns plus a few other seedless vascular plants (see the classification section below), although some recent authors have used the term to refer strictly to the monilophytes.Ferns first appear in the fossil record 360 million years ago in the late Devonian period but many of the current families and species did not appear until roughly 145 million years ago in the early Cretaceous, after flowering plants came to dominate many environments. The fern Osmunda claytoniana is a paramount example of evolutionary stasis. Paleontological evidence indicates it has remained unchanged, even at the level of fossilized nuclei and chromosomes, for at least 180 million years.Ferns are not of major economic importance, but some are grown or gathered for food, as ornamental plants, for remediating contaminated soils, and have been the subject of research for their ability to remove some chemical pollutants from the air. Some are significant weeds. They also play a role in mythology, medicine, and art.
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