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Western bracken fern - Thurston County Home
Western bracken fern - Thurston County Home

... feet tall. Each leaf arises directly from a rhizome (horizontal underground stem), and is supported on a rigid leaf stalk. Bracken fern does not produce flowers or seeds, but reproduces by spores and creeping rhizomes. The ½ inch thick rhizomes are black with scales and can grow 20 feet long and 10 ...
MADE in the SHADE - Little Prince of Oregon
MADE in the SHADE - Little Prince of Oregon

... Hostas grow best in moist, well-drained, highly organic soils. A good partner for ferns. Although the flowers are handsome, Hostas are usually grown for their ornamental leaves. ...
Seedless Vascular Plants
Seedless Vascular Plants

... some fronds. Sori are clusters of sporangia that release spores that develop into small heartshaped gametophytes. ...
The Diversity of Life - Kingdom Protista II - LBCC e
The Diversity of Life - Kingdom Protista II - LBCC e

... lanet Earth is the only planet yet discovered which has given rise to such a multitude of living organisms. We share this planet with wide arrays of bacteria, algae, plants, insects and other animals. Close to 3.8 billion years of evolution resulted in the diversification of organisms into a tremend ...
22–3 Seedless Vascular Plants
22–3 Seedless Vascular Plants

... Leaves are photosynthetic organs that contain one or more bundles of vascular tissue. Tissue is gathered into veins made of xylem and phloem. Stems are supporting structures that connect roots and leaves, carrying water and nutrients between them. ...
Lab 3 - Plant Diversity and Evolution
Lab 3 - Plant Diversity and Evolution

... In this laboratory, you will be introduced to the diversity of land plants. These include the non-tracheophytes (liverworts, hornworts, and mosses), the non-seed tracheophytes (ferns and fern allies) and the seed plants (gymnosperms and angiosperms). We have live material for most of these groups an ...
The ferns and their relatives (lycophytes) living today give us a
The ferns and their relatives (lycophytes) living today give us a

... plants. The sporophyte is the phase familiar to most people. A typical life cycle, that of the marginal wood fern (Dryopteris marginalis), is illustrated. The frond (1) is composed of pinnae (2) which are divided into pinnules (3). This fern gets its name from the sori that are along the margins (ed ...
Life Cycle Patterns
Life Cycle Patterns

... reproductive organs called flowers and seed-bearing fruits. The term angiosperm is derived from angio (vessel) and sperm (seed), referring to the seed-bearing vessels (containers) called fruits. Flowers may be unisexual or bisexual, depending on whether they contain only one type of sex organ (the m ...
CHAPTER 30 THE PROTISTS
CHAPTER 30 THE PROTISTS

... 1. Sphagnum (bog or peat moss) has tremendous ability to absorb water and is important in gardening. 2. Sphagnum does not decay in some acidic bogs; the accumulated dried peat can be used as fuel. 24.3 Vascular Plants A. Evolutionary History 1. Rhyniophytes were dominant from mid-Silurian period of ...
Lygodium Species Comparison Flyer
Lygodium Species Comparison Flyer

... (stolons and rhizomes) on and beneath the ground, are thin, wiry, and can become very dense. Foliage: The fronds (leaves) consist of opposite, twice compound pinnae (leaflets of a fern), 2 to 5 in. (5-12.7 cm) long with thick pinnules. It may have two types of leaflets on its climbing leaf. The leaf ...
Ferns - FLEPPC
Ferns - FLEPPC

... FERNS (PTERIDOPHYTES) Ferns are vascular plants that do not produce seeds. Sexual reproduction is accomplished by the release of spores, which develop in special structures called sporangia (singular: sporangium). The sporangia usually occur in clusters called sori (singular: sorus), found on the un ...
Nerve activates contraction
Nerve activates contraction

... over 400 million years ago • Cooksonia, an extinct plant over 400 million years old, is the earliest known vascular plant. • Its fossils are found in Europe and North America. ...
PBIO 3080/5080 – S Lignophytes are a clade of vascular plants that
PBIO 3080/5080 – S Lignophytes are a clade of vascular plants that

... Members of the extinct Order Pteridospermales are commonly referred to as “seed ferns.” They lived from the Upper Devonian to the Cretaceous. Seed ferns formed the ancestral group from which the Cycadales and all other seed plants arose. In cladistic terminology, seed ferns are a polyphyletic assemb ...
Lab 5: Plants: Nontracheophytes and Seedless Vascular Plants
Lab 5: Plants: Nontracheophytes and Seedless Vascular Plants

... cellulose, and store surplus carbohydrates as starch. They utilize two photosystems in photosynthesis with two forms of chlorophyll (a and b).This list of characteristics is not mutually exclusive to the Plant Kingdom however as several phyla of algae (Kingdom Protista) also fit the description. The ...
Chapter 30 PowerPoint
Chapter 30 PowerPoint

... vascular tissue and true leaves – Natural selection favored plants with higher stomatal densities in low-CO2 atmosphere – Higher stomatal densities favored larger leaves with a photosynthetic advantage that did not overheat ...
Document
Document

... vascular tissue and true leaves – Natural selection favored plants with higher stomatal densities in low-CO2 atmosphere – Higher stomatal densities favored larger leaves with a photosynthetic advantage that did not overheat ...
Dryopteris arguta
Dryopteris arguta

... Dryopteris arguta Field description Coastal wood fern is an evergreen fern with fronds that emerge in clusters from short rhizomes. The plants grow 20-60 cm tall. The leaves are oblong to lance-shaped and are divided twice into primary leaflets (pinnae) and secondary leaflets (pinnules). The pinnae ...
Cyatheaceae Power Point Presentation
Cyatheaceae Power Point Presentation

... A plant is endemic if it exists only in one geographical region/island. The silver fern (Cyathea dealbata) grows in New Zealand and is not found anywhere else in the world, and is therefore, endemic to New Zealand. ...
Rainforest Kit rainforest layers stage 3 information sheet
Rainforest Kit rainforest layers stage 3 information sheet

... When you enter a rainforest you will notice the dramatic change in light level. The crowns of the trees interweave to form a canopy, through which rays of sunlight filter to the forest floor. Different layers are formed within the forest according to how much sunlight is available and which plants h ...
Plant WebQuest: Background Information
Plant WebQuest: Background Information

... 4.02 Analyze the processes by which organisms representative of the following groups accomplish essential life functions including: ...
The Early Tracheophytes - Department of Plant Biology
The Early Tracheophytes - Department of Plant Biology

... Rhynia (Fig. 23.2b) branched only dichotomously but were eventually superseded by taller plants with a main stem and smaller laterally emerging branches. Relationships among Early Tracheophytes Traditionally, tracheophytes that reproduce by releasing spores rather than seeds have been divided into f ...
Plant Classification - Miss Stanley Cyber Classroom
Plant Classification - Miss Stanley Cyber Classroom

... • Peat moss or Sphagnum is used by gardeners to pack plants for shipment and in Iceland and other northern regions it is used as fuel ...
Bryophytes and Ferns
Bryophytes and Ferns

... 2. Which of the following is diploid? a. the archegonia of a moss b. a cell in the gametangia of a moss c. a cell that is part of the stalk of a moss sporophyte d. a spore produced by a sporophyte 3. In moss, _____ produce sperm. a. sporangia b. antheridia c. embryos d. archegonia 4. Fertilization i ...
Chapter 30
Chapter 30

... • Both charophyte clades form green mats around the edges of freshwater ponds and marshes • One species must have ...
Seedless Vascular Plants
Seedless Vascular Plants

... Carboniferous period, swamp forests of club mosses and horsetails—some specimens reaching heights of more than 30 m (100 ft)—covered most of the land. These forests gave rise to the extensive coal deposits that gave the Carboniferous its name. In seedless vascular plants, the sporophyte became the d ...
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Fern



A fern is a member of a group of approximately 12,000 species of vascular plants that reproduce via spores and have neither seeds nor flowers. They differ from mosses by being vascular (i.e. having water-conducting vessels). They have stems and leaves, like other vascular plants. Most ferns have what are called fiddleheads that expand into fronds, which are each delicately divided.Leptosporangiate ferns (sometimes called true ferns) are by far the largest group, but ferns as defined here (ferns sensu lato) include horsetails, whisk ferns, marattioid ferns, and ophioglossoid ferns. This group may be referred to as monilophytes. The term pteridophyte traditionally refers to ferns plus a few other seedless vascular plants (see the classification section below), although some recent authors have used the term to refer strictly to the monilophytes.Ferns first appear in the fossil record 360 million years ago in the late Devonian period but many of the current families and species did not appear until roughly 145 million years ago in the early Cretaceous, after flowering plants came to dominate many environments. The fern Osmunda claytoniana is a paramount example of evolutionary stasis. Paleontological evidence indicates it has remained unchanged, even at the level of fossilized nuclei and chromosomes, for at least 180 million years.Ferns are not of major economic importance, but some are grown or gathered for food, as ornamental plants, for remediating contaminated soils, and have been the subject of research for their ability to remove some chemical pollutants from the air. Some are significant weeds. They also play a role in mythology, medicine, and art.
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