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Transcript
20.2 Classification of Plants KEY CONCEPT Plants can be classified into nine phyla. 20.2 Classification of Plants Mosses and their relatives are seedless nonvascular plants. • Nonvascular plants: – must grow close to the ground to absorb water and nutrients. – rely on free-standing water for reproduction. 20.2 Classification of Plants Plant Group Seedless nonvascular Seedless vascular Phylum Names Common Names Hepatophyta Liverworts Anthocerphyta Hornworts Bryophyta Mosses Lycophyta Club mosses Pterophyta Ferns Conifera Conifers Anthophyta Angiosperm •Liverworts belong to phylum Cycadophyta Cycads Hepatophyta. Cone-bearing seed Ginkgophyta Ginkgo •often grow on wet rocks or plants in greenhouses Flowering seed plants 20.2 Classification of Plants Plant Group Seedless nonvascular Phylum Names Common Names Hepatophyta Liverworts Anthocerphyta Hornworts Bryophyta Mosses •Seedless Hornworts to phylum Anthocerophyta. vascularbelong Lycophyta Club mosses Pterophyta – found in tropical forests Cycadophyta and along streams Cone-bearing seed Ginkgophyta plants – flat, lobed body with little green “horns” Flowering seed plants Ferns Cycads Ginkgo Conifera Conifers Anthophyta Angiosperm 20.2 Classification of Plants Plant Group Seedless nonvascular Seedless vascular Phylum Names Common Names Hepatophyta Liverworts Anthocerphyta Hornworts Bryophyta Mosses Lycophyta Club mosses Cycadophyta Cycads Ginkgophyta Ginkgo Conifera Conifers Anthophyta Angiosperm • Mosses belong to phylum Bryophyta. Pterophyta Ferns Cone-bearing seed plants Flowering seed plants – most common seedless nonvascular plants – Used as “peat” 20.2 Classification of Plants Club mosses and ferns are seedless vascular plants. • A vascular system allows club mosses and ferns to grow higher off the ground. • Both still need free-standing water for reproduction. 20.2 Classification of Plants Plant Group Phylum Names Common Names Hepatophyta Liverworts Anthocerphyta Hornworts Bryophyta Mosses Lycophyta Club mosses Pterophyta Ferns Cycadophyta Cycads Cone-bearing Ginkgophyta • Clubseed mosses belong plants Ginkgo Seedless nonvascular Seedless vascular to phylum Lycophyta. Conifera – not trueAnthophyta mosses Flowering seed plants – oldest living group of vascular plants Conifers Angiosperm 20.2 Classification of Plants Plant Group Seedless nonvascular Seedless vascular Phylum Names Common Names Hepatophyta Liverworts Anthocerphyta Hornworts Bryophyta Mosses Lycophyta Club mosses Pterophyta Ferns Cycadophyta Cycads • Ferns and their relatives belong to phylum Pterophyta. Cone-bearing seed plants Ginkgophyta frond Conifera Flowering seed plants Anthophyta fiddlehead Ginkgo – whisk ferns and horsetails Conifers are close relatives of ferns Angiosperm – ferns have large leaves called fronds 20.2 Classification of Plants Seed plants include cone-bearing plants and flowering plants. • Seed plants have several advantages over their seedless ancestors. – can reproduce without free-standing water, via pollination – pollination occurs when pollen meets female plant parts – seeds nourish and protect plant embryo – seeds allow plants to disperse to new places 20.2 Classification of Plants • Gymnosperms do not have seeds enclosed in fruit. – most gymnosperms are cone-bearing and evergreen. – the cone is reproductive structure of most gymnosperms. – pollen is produced in male cones. – eggs are produced in female cones. – seeds develop on scales of female cones. 20.2 Classification of Plants Plant Group Seedless nonvascular Seedless vascular Cone-bearing seed plants Phylum Names Common Names Hepatophyta Liverworts Anthocerphyta Hornworts Bryophyta Mosses Lycophyta Club mosses Pterophyta Ferns Cycadophyta Cycads Ginkgophyta Ginkgo Conifera Conifers • Flowering Cycadsseed are gymnosperms in phylum Anthophyta Angiosperm plants Cycadophyta. – look like palm trees with large cones – grow in tropical areas 20.2 Classification of Plants Plant Group Seedless nonvascular Seedless vascular Cone-bearing seed plants Phylum Names Common Names Hepatophyta Liverworts Anthocerphyta Hornworts Bryophyta Mosses Lycophyta Club mosses Pterophyta Ferns Cycadophyta Cycads Ginkgophyta Ginkgo • Ginkgos are gymnosperms in phylum Ginkgophyta. Conifera – onlyseed one Flowering plantsbiloba Conifers species alive today,Angiosperm Ginkgo Anthophyta – grown in gardens and used in urban landscaping 20.2 Classification of Plants Plant Group Seedless nonvascular Seedless vascular Cone-bearing seed plants Flowering seed • plants Conifers are Phylum Names Common Names Hepatophyta Liverworts Anthocerphyta Hornworts Bryophyta Mosses Lycophyta Club mosses Pterophyta Ferns Cycadophyta Cycads Ginkgophyta Ginkgo Coniferophyta Conifers Anthophyta Angiosperm gymnosperms in phylum Coniferophyta. – most common gymnosperms alive today – includes pines, spruce, cedar, fir, and juniper 20.2 Classification of Plants • Angiosperms have seeds enclosed in some type of fruit. – A flower is the reproductive structure of angiosperms. – A fruit is a mature ovary of a flower. • Angiosperms, or flowering plants, belong in phylum Anthophyta. 20.2 Classification of Plants Plant Group Seedless nonvascular Seedless vascular Cone-bearing seed plants Flowering seed plants Phylum Names Common Names Hepatophyta Liverworts Anthocerphyta Hornworts Bryophyta Mosses Lycophyta Club mosses Pterophyta Ferns Cycadophyta Cycads Ginkgophyta Ginkgo Coniferophyta Conifers Anthophyta Angiosperm
