* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Soil Formation
Survey
Document related concepts
Arbuscular mycorrhiza wikipedia , lookup
Agroecology wikipedia , lookup
Entomopathogenic nematode wikipedia , lookup
Human impact on the nitrogen cycle wikipedia , lookup
Plant nutrition wikipedia , lookup
Surface runoff wikipedia , lookup
Soil erosion wikipedia , lookup
Soil respiration wikipedia , lookup
Crop rotation wikipedia , lookup
Terra preta wikipedia , lookup
Soil compaction (agriculture) wikipedia , lookup
Soil salinity control wikipedia , lookup
Soil food web wikipedia , lookup
Soil horizon wikipedia , lookup
No-till farming wikipedia , lookup
Canadian system of soil classification wikipedia , lookup
Soil microbiology wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
SOIL Kim Lachler NCES: 6.E.2.3 & 2.4 Updated 11/11/14 Soil Composition Consists of: Weathered rock Decayed organic matter Mineral fragments Water Air Soil Composition Organic Matter Majority of it is dead vegetation Rest is dead animals and micro-organisms Humus is dark material made from organic matter provides nutrients for plants Soil Composition There are spaces between the particles of soil When the soil is dry they are filled with air When the soil is wet they are filled with water Soil Texture The size of the particles of the rocks and minerals makes up the texture. Clay Silt Sand Gravel Rock Clays feel sticky. Silt feels smooth. Sand feels gritty. Loam soil a soil with roughly equal proportions of sand, silt, and clay. Soil Profile Soil Profile Horizons Is made up of all the layers of soil What the layers of soil are called Most soil profiles have 3 horizons Soil Profile A horizon Also known as topsoil Top layer May be covered with litter (leaves, twigs, etc) Soil Profile B horizon Middle layer Lighter in color Less fertile (less nutrients) Has the most leached material Leaching – when minerals are dissolved in water in the A horizon and carried down by the water to the B horizon. Soil Profile C Horizon Bottom horizon Made from weathered rock Contains little leaching or organic matter What is under the C Horizon? Bed rock Soil Formation There are 5 factors that affect soil formation Climate Parent material Vegetation Slope Time Soil Formation Climate Dry climates have less organic matter thus thinner soils than wetter climates Cold climates also have less organic matter thus thinner soils the temperate climates Soil Formation Vegetation Areas with lots of vegetation like prairies and forest have more organic matter, therefore richer top soils Richer top soils encourage more vegetation growth so which came first? Soil Formation Parent rock The minerals that make up the bedrock is what determines the minerals in the soil. This will affect the type of vegetation Soil Formation Slope Since gravity pulls things down hill Soils near the top of a slope are thinner Soils near the bottom of a slope are thicker Soil Formation Time The longer the bed rock has been weathered the more minerals will be in the soil. Bibliography Glencoe Google images, soil, www.googleimages.com, accessed 11/21/2011 Google images, humus soil, www.googleimages.com, accessed 11/21/2011 Google images, leaching soil, www.googleimages.com, accessed 11/21/2011 Colorado state University Extension, CMG garden notes, http://www.ext.colostate.edu/mg/gardennotes/214.html, accessed 11/11/14