Download NO Vascular tissues - Effingham County Schools

Figure 24–5 The Structure
of a Flower
Section 24-1
Stamen
Anther
Filament
Ovule
Stigma
Style
Carpel
Ovary
Petal
Sepal
I. Carpel – female
a. Stigma – traps pollem
b. Style supports stigma;
forms a
pollen tube
c. Ovary – becomes fruit
d. Ovule- becomes seeds
II. Stamen – male
a. Anther- produces
pollen
b. Filament- supports
anther
III. Petals – attract pollinators
IV. Sepals – protect flower bud
while it is developing
From flower to fruit
Flowers, fruits and seeds…
III. Why are seed plants more successful that spore producing
plants?
A. Gametophyte generation is very tiny (only a few
cells). In gymnosperms and angiosperms it is protected
inside seeds and fruits so the young of seed plants
tend to survive better. The spores of ferns and mosses
must land in a wet habitat. If they do not, they will die.
B. Sperm does not have to swim thru water- it is
carried by wind or animals during pollination. This
enables seed plants to live in dryer habitats. It also
increases reproductive success.
Name 5 Characteristics all Plants
share
•Eukaryotic
•Cell Wall of Cellulose
•All Multicellular
•Autotrophs- Use Photosynthesis
•Reproduce Sexually and Asexually
Scientist believe all plants
probably evolved from what
common ancestor?
Freshwater Multicellular Green Algae
Flowering
plants
Cone-bearing
plants
Ferns and
Flowers; Seeds
their relatives
Mosses and
Enclosed in Fruit
their relatives
Seeds
Water-Conducting
(Vascular) Tissue
Green algae
ancestor
What evidence suggests that all plants probbably
evolved from a multicellular green algae?
1. Similar life cycles (alternation of
generations)
2. Cellulose in cell walls
3. Similar pigments; like chlorophyll
4. DNA evidence
What group of plants has NO Vascular tissues and relies on
water for reproduction because it doews not produce
seeds?
Bryophytes
What group of plants has has vascular tissue but still
relies on water for reproduction because it does not
produce seeds?
Ferns and their relatives
This group of plants were the first to produce
seeds allowing plants to live away from water
sources.
Gymnosperms
This group of plants is the most
successful because of their ability
to produce flowers and enclose
their seeds within a fruit.
Angiosperms
Plant Structures and
Tissues
Figure 22–6 A Cladogram of Plant
Groups
Section 22-1
Flowering
plants
Cone-bearing
plants
Ferns and
their relatives
Flowers; Seeds
Enclosed in Fruit
Mosses and
their relatives
Seeds
Water-Conducting
(Vascular) Tissue
Green algae
ancestor
Go to
Section:
Figure 24–1 Evolution of the
Gametophyte and the Sporophyte
Section 24-1
Gametophyte (N)
Sporophyte (2N)
Bryophytes
Ferns
Seed plants
Basic Structures Figure
in Plants
22–19 The Structure of a
Seed
Section 22-4
A. Seed – embryo of a plant that is protected by a
covering and surrounded by a food supply
1. Can remain dormant for many years
2. Environmental factors (temperature and
moisture) end dormancy
Seed coat
Seed
B
Embryo
Wing
A
Go to
Section:
Stored
food supply
3. Many modified for easy
dispersal
a. Light weight - can float
in water and in the air
b. Textured seed coats
that stick to animal fur
c.“Winged” seeds – can
“fly” long distances
away from parent plant
d. Angiosperm seeds are
surrounded by fleshy
fruits that are eaten by
animals allowing seeds
to be dispersed
e. Seeds of
Gymnosperms develop
inside of protective
cones
Figure 23–7 The Structure of a Root
Vascular Tissues- system of “tubes”
Section 23-2
throughout a plant; two types – xylem and
phloem
1. Xylem - transports
water from the roots
to the rest of the plant
2. Phloem - transports
the products of
photosynthesis
(sugars) from the
leaves to the rest of
the plant
Figure 23–7 The Structure of a Root
Roots – absorb water and nutrients, anchor
Section 23-2
the
plant, store food
Epidermis
Ground tissue
(cortex)
Root hairs
Phloem
Xylem
Zone
of maturation
Zone of
elongation
Apical
meristem
Root
cap
Vascular
Cylinder
Stems – supports plant,
contains vascular tissue to
transport water and nutrients
between the roots and leaves
Section 23-1
Leaf
Stem
Root
Dermal tissue
Vascular tissue
Ground tissue
1. Two types of growth occur in stems and roots
a. Primary – growth from the tips of the roots and the shoots at
areas called apical meristem
b. Secondary – growth in the width of the plant. (tree rings)
Transpiration
Section 23-5
A
B
Evaporation of water
molecules out of leaves.
Pull of water molecules upward
from the roots.
E. Leaves carry out photosynthesis and transpiration
1. Epidermis - outer layer that covers the leaf. “skin”
2. Cuticle – waxy covering over the epidermis that
prevents the plant from drying out
3. Mesophyll - middle layer of cells that carry out
photosynthesis and exchange of the gases CO2
and O2
Figure 23–18 The Internal Structure
of a Leaf
Section 23-4
Veins
Cuticle
Epidermis
mesophyll
Xylem
Phloem
mesophyll
Epidermis
Stomata
Guard
cells
Vein
4. Stomata – openings on the bottom of the leaf that
allow gases to enter and leave
5. Guard cells – cells around the stomata that open
and close the stomata
When the guard cells are full of water, the stomata is
open. When they do not have water the stomata is
closed. (This helps the plant conserve water when it
is dry. Stomata are usually closed at night. (no sun =
no photosynthesis)
Figure 23–18 The Internal Structure
of a Leaf
Section 23-4
Veins
Cuticle
Epidermis
mesophyll
Xylem
Phloem
mesophyll
Epidermis
Stomata
Guard
cells
Vein
23-4 Structure and Function of
Leaves
F. Flowers – reproductive structures present only in
Angiosperms. Pollination – occurs mostly by
animals (best adaptation!) Many angiosperms have
mutual relationships with animals like insects, bats,
or birds. As animals gather nectar from flowers, they
also transfer pollen from flower to flower helping the
plant reproduce. Many animal species are flower
specific- they only gather nectar from one type of
flower. After pollination and fertilization, seeds
develop inside protective fruits.
Figure 24–5 The Structure
of a Flower
Section 24-1
Stamen
Anther
Filament
Ovule
Stigma
Style
Carpel
Ovary
Petal
Sepal
I. Carpel – female
a. Stigma – traps pollen
b. Style supports stigma;
forms a pollen tube for
sperm to reach egg
c. Ovary – becomes fruit
d. Ovule- eggs that
becomes seeds
II. Stamen – male
a. Anther- produces pollen
b. Filament- supports
anther
c. pollen – carries sperm
III. Petals – attract pollinators
IV. Sepals – protect flower bud
while it is developing