Download THE PLANT KINGDOM - Welcome to Cherokee High School

THE PLANT KINGDOM
All plants:
• Are Multicellular
• Are Autotrophic – photosynthetic
• Have cell walls with cellulose (that
polysaccharide that we can’t digest
– burp!)
• Have chloroplasts in their cells.
Basic plant Parts:
•
•
•
•
•
Leaves
Stems
Roots
Flowers
seeds
Leaves
• Main site of photosynthesis
• Consist of:
– Blade
– Veins
– Petiole
Leaves can be simple or
compound
• Simple – have one blade
• Compound - have many blades per leaf
Veins in leaves
• Pinnate
• palmate
stems
• Support leaves
and flowers
• Transport water
and nutrients
within plant
• May be used for
storage (potato)
Types of stems:
1. Herbaceous
2. Shrub
3. Vine
4. tree
roots
• Absorb water and minerals
• Anchor plant
• Some store
food (carrot)
Root tip
Types of roots:
• Tap root
• Fibrous
root
Flower – reproductive
organ
• Produces male and female
gametes
• Provides
structure for
fertilization
seeds
• Reproductive structure
containing stored food and
plant embryo
Dispersal adaptations
• Wind
• Water
• animals
fruit
• Structure containing seeds
Plants in the biosphere
• Producers – base of the
food chain.
– Energy in plants is
transferred to all other
organisms when the plants
get eaten
•Provide oxygen for
aerobic organisms
•Provide shelter for
many organisms
Human uses:
• Agriculture: 90% of the food
you eat directly or indirectly
comes from only 20 different
kinds of cultivated plants:
– Rice, corn, wheat, potatoes, etc.
Medicines from plants
industry
Uses of cellulose
Fossil fuels
Problems caused by
plants
• Some are poisonous…
• Weeds
• Root damage………..
Plant cells
• Rigid cell wall of cellulose and
other tough materials
• Cells are connected to each
other by shared cytoplasm
• Large central vacuoles
Plant tissues
tissue= group of similar cells
performing the same function
• Dermal – protective, covering
– Outermost layer
– Protection – includes
bark in trees
– Some cells contain
chloroplasts, so they
perform
photosynthesis
• Vascular tissue – transport or
conduct materials around plant
Xylem – water and
minerals up
phloem – food
down
• Ground tissue – fundamental tissue –
not vascular, dermal or meristematic
ground tissue–
Parts of a Flower
carpel
receptacle
Pollination – transfer of
pollen from anther to carpel
• Self pollination…………….
• Wind pollination……….
• Insect/bird/bat pollination
Fertilization
• Occurs after pollination
Seeds
embryo
Dicot seed
Monocot seed
embryo
Seedling growth
Classification of Plants
Plants
multicellular
autotrophic
Bryophytes
nonvascular
spore producer
Vascular plants
contain xylem and phloem
Seedless Vascular Plants
ferns
reproduce using spores
seed plants
reproduce using seeds
Gymnosperms
naked seeds
many produce cones
Angiosperms
flowering seed plants
monocots
dicots
seed has one cotyledon seed has 2 seed leaves
Plant diversity
Nonvascular plants:
Bryophytes – mosses – no xylem
or phloem
Vascular plants – xylem
and phloem
• Nonseed vascular plants - Ferns – reproduce
using spores
Seed producing vascular plants
• Gymnosperms
– Naked seeds (oh my!)
• Angiosperms– flowers
Length of life of a plant
• Annual
biennial
perennial
The end