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Transcript
Populations & Ecosystems Section D in our Textbook Ecosystems D10 • Organisms interacting with one another and their physical environment • Includes both BIOTIC and ABIOTIC factors 2:48 Biotic Factors D10 • All of the LIVING and ONCE LIVING things in an ecosystem Abiotic Factors D10 • All of the NON-LIVING things in an ecosystem The Relationships D10-11 Ecosystem Community Populations A Population is all of the same species living in a certain area (ex. a population of rabbits). A Community is all of the groups of populations in an area. An Ecosystem is the entire community plus the abiotic factors (non-living items). Explanation of Relationships D10-11 • Ecosystem -Everything in the area (living and non-living) • Community All of the LIVING things in the area (biotic factors) • Population Groups of the same species living in an area • Individual – single living thing Another representation Ecosystem 1:13 Community Population Individual 2:19 Ecosystems D11-13 • Size: Can be as large as a desert or as small as a puddle! • Changes: • Caused by NATURE (lightning/fire, earthquakes, storms, etc.) It can come back and start to grow again on its own after time. • Caused by HUMANS (logging, farming, construction) The Sun: Life’s Energy Supply D16-17 • SUN (light, infrared rays, etc.) = ENERGY • Almost all life depends on the SUN to survive. • All plants need the sun for photosynthesis. 1:42 Photosynthesis D16-17 With sun’s energy: carbon dioxide oxygen + + water glucose (food) Plants’ food stores the energy Producers/Consumers D18-19 PRODUCER - Anything that makes its 1:04 own food through photosynthesis CONSUMER – Anything that gets its 1:18 energy by eating other organisms Types of Consumers D18-19 1. HERBIVORES – eat only PLANTS Ex. Cow, deer, rabbits 2. CARNIVORES – eat only MEAT Ex. Wolves, owls 3. OMNIVORES – eat BOTH plants and meat 0:59 Ex. Woodpeckers, most humans 4. DECOMPOSER – feeds on the wastes and dead, 0:56 decaying things (rotting plants, dead animals, etc.) Ex. worms, mushrooms Food ChainsD29-31 • Food Chain 1:53 • Flow of energy from one organism directly to the next • Must start with a producer • Arrows move from producer UP the chain (Think from here into the mouth of here…) Food Chains D29-31 • As you go up a food chain, energy is lost. 1:05 Food Webs D29-31 • Food Webs – overlapping food chains Predator/Prey D20-22 Predator – organism that hunts and eats other organisms Prey – organism that is hunted and eaten Ex. Owl (predator) and mouse (prey) Symbiosis D20-22 1. Parasitism Parasite – organism that lives off of or feeds upon (and usually harms) another organism Host – organism that is fed upon and harmed (usually doesn’t die though) Ex. Flea (parasite) and dog (host) Symbiosis D20-22 2. Commensalism One benefits but other is unharmed Ex. Camouflage (spider on a flower) Ex. Egrets eat insects wildebeests have stirred up in the soil egret Symbiosis D20-22 3. Mutualism Both sides benefit Ex. Pollination – bees/birds and flowers symbiosis 2:37 Carbon Dioxide/Oxygen Cycle D34-35 • Plants use Carbon Dioxide and give off Oxygen • Humans use Oxygen and give off Carbon Dioxide The Water Cycle D36-37 • Evaporation – heated liquid changing to water vapor • Condensation – water vapor changing to a liquid • Precipitation – rain, snow, sleet, hail, etc. • Transpiration – water released through leaves water cycle 2:39 Earth’s Land Biomes D48-51 • Tundra 2:07 • Arctic grassland with frozen soil all year • Polar bears, foxes, lichens • Taiga 1:57 • Coniferous forests • Bears, moose, evergreen trees • Deciduous Forest 1:40 • Large leafed trees that lose leaves in winter • Deer, squirrels, maple trees Earth’s Land Biomes D48-51 • Tropical Rain Forest 1:52 • Lush, green forests with heavy rainfall warm climate • Toucans, vines, monkeys • Grassland 2:17 • wide open fields of grass • Rabbits, prairie dogs, zebras • Desert 2:07 • Very DRY (can be hot or cold) • Cactus, horned lizards Biodiversity D58-60 Biodiversity – variety of species in an ecosystem (Part 2, 3, 4) Total ~ 14 min Biodiversity depends on: 1. Size (how large of an area it is) 2. Terrain (type of land and landforms) 3. Latitude (distance from the equator) Biodiversity Challenges D61-62 Extinct – No longer living 1:15 Ex. Dodo birds, Dinosaurs Endangered – in danger of becoming extinct Ex. manatee, rhinos, spider monkeys Threatened – in danger of becoming endangered Ex. baboon, leopard, grizzly bears Current List Citations • • • • • • • • Biomes: Our Earth's Major Life Zones. United Learning (1998). Retrieved February 28, 2006, from unitedstreaming: http://www.unitedstreaming.com/ Biologically Speaking: Ecosystems and the Cycles of Nature. AIMS Multimedia (2002). Retrieved February 28, 2006, from unitedstreaming: http://www.unitedstreaming.com/ More is Better: The Biodiversity Story. United Learning (1995). Retrieved February 28, 2006, from unitedstreaming: http://www.unitedstreaming.com/ Food Chains and Webs. United Learning (1998). Retrieved February 28, 2006, from unitedstreaming: http://www.unitedstreaming.com/ Mammals of North America: Predators and Prey. AIMS Multimedia (2004). Retrieved February 28, 2006, from unitedstreaming: http://www.unitedstreaming.com/ Vulnerable, Threatened, Endangered, Extinct. AIMS Multimedia (1992). Retrieved February 28, 2006, from unitedstreaming: http://www.unitedstreaming.com/ Learning About Water (Second Edition). AIMS Multimedia (2004). Retrieved February 28, 2006, from unitedstreaming: http://www.unitedstreaming.com/ Biodiversity Pie Graph. (2007). Retrieved August 1, 2007 from http://ology.amnh.org/biodiversity/treeoflife/images/sol_graph.gif