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Transcript
Topic: Ecology Learning Goal: I can describe relationships (producer/consumer, predator/prey, and parasite/host) as they occur in food webs. Essential Question: How do organisms interact in an ecosystem? Topic: Ecology Essential Question: How do organisms interact in an ecosystem? What is ecology? Ecology The study of the interactions that take place among organisms and their environment Types of habitats Marine- oceans (salt water) Freshwater- lakes, rivers and ponds Terrestrial- Land: deserts, jungles, forests etc. Topic: Ecology Essential Question: How do organisms interact in an ecosystem? How is the environment organized? Environment Organization • INDIVIDUAL – One organism of a species. • POPULATION- All of the organisms of the same species that live in the same area. • COMMUNITY- All of the living organisms that live in the same area. • ECOSYSTEM- All of the living organisms and nonliving factors in the same area. • BIOSPHERE- Anywhere life is found on the planet. Topic: Ecology Essential Question: How do organisms interact in an ecosystem? What is a producer? Types of organisms Producers- organisms that produce their own food (plants) Photosynthesis- Chemical process where plants use sunlight to make glucose (sugar) Topic: Ecology Essential Question: How do organisms interact in an ecosystem? What is photosynthesis? Photosynthesis- Chemical process where plants use sunlight to make glucose (sugar) Topic: Ecology Essential Question: How do organisms interact in an ecosystem? Photosynthesis- Chemical process where plants use sunlight to make glucose (sugar) Topic: Ecology Essential Question: How do organisms interact in an ecosystem? Compare and contrast the chemical equations for plants and animals? Topic: Ecology Essential Question: How do organisms interact in an ecosystem? How do consumers obtain energy? How do herbivores obtain energy? Consumers: organisms that obtain energy by eating other organisms Herbivores: Obtain energy by eating just plants Topic: Ecology Essential Question: How do organisms interact in an ecosystem? How do carnivores obtain energy? Carnivores Obtain energy by eating just meat (other animals) Topic: Ecology Essential Question: How do organisms interact in an ecosystem? How do omnivores obtain energy? Omnivores Obtain energy by eating plants and animals Topic: Ecology Essential Question: How do organisms interact in an ecosystem? Decomposers How do decomposers Obtain energy by consuming waste and dead organisms obtain energy? Topic: Ecology Essential Question: How do organisms interact in an ecosystem? How does a food chain illustrate energy flow in an ecosystem? Food chain illustrates how consumers obtain energy from other organisms in an ecosystem Topic: Ecology Essential Question: How do organisms interact in an ecosystem? How does a food web illustrate energy flow in an ecosystem? • Food web- a few food chains connected together • The arrow points to what animal is receiving the energy. For example, the fox receives its energy from rabbits, squirrels and mice. Topic: Ecology Essential Question: How do organisms interact in an ecosystem? • Symbiosis: any close relationship between species. What is symbiosis? Topic: Ecology Essential Question: How do organisms interact in an ecosystem? What is mutualism? Mutualism: a symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit. Examples: lichens (made up of algae and fungus): algae supplies energy to both organisms, fungus provides a protected space for algae to live +/+ / Topic: Ecology Essential Question: How do organisms interact in an ecosystem? What is commensalism? +/0 / Commensalism: a symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other organism is not affected Examples: Clown fish (Nemo) and anemone: tentacles do not sting clown fish, fish is protected from predators. Anemone is not affected. Topic: Ecology Essential Question: How do organisms interact in an ecosystem? What is the relationship between a parasite and a host? Parasitism a symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits but the other organism is harmed. +// Examples: Fleas, leaches, mosquitoes, ticks, bacteria, tapeworm, hookworms Roundworms and dogs/cats: worm attaches to intestine and feeds on nutrients, animal can have pain, bloating diarrhea and possible death. Topic: Limiting Factors Essential Question: What do organisms depend on and compete for in an ecosystem? What is an ecosystem? Ecosystem a system involving the interactions between a community of living organisms in a particular area and its nonliving environment Topic: Limiting Factors Essential Question: What do organisms depend on and compete for in an ecosystem? What are limiting factors? Limiting Factors anything that restricts the number of individuals in a population. They are biotic and abiotic factors Topic: Limiting Factors Essential Question: What do organisms depend on and compete for in an ecosystem? What is a biotic factor? Biotic Factors Living parts of the environment Examples: -animals -plants -bacteria Topic: Limiting Factors Essential Question: What do organisms depend on and compete for in an ecosystem? What is an abiotic factor? Abiotic Factors Non-living parts of the environment Examples: - sunlight - air -water -temperature - space Topic: Limiting Factors Essential Question: What do organisms depend on and compete for in an ecosystem? What is competition? Competition When more than one individual or population tries to make use of the same resource Topic: Limiting Factors Essential Question: What do organisms depend on and compete for in an ecosystem? What is intraspecific competition? Intraspecific competition members of the same species compete for the same resources Topic: Limiting Factors Essential Question: What do organisms depend on and compete for in an ecosystem? What is interspecific competition? Interspecific competition When different species compete for resources Who is the predator? prey? Food Web Which ecosystem are you most likely to find this food web? Is the snapper a consumer or producer? What would happen if all the algae in the ocean died? Remember from 7th Grade: Energy Pyramid Each level’s energy decreases by about 10% each time because energy is used for the organisms life functions.