Download Food web

What is Ecology?
Ecology: the study of interactions between
organisms and their environments.
– The study of Ecology requires knowledge
from many different fields of science
Biosphere
The portion of Earth that supports life
– Extends from the atmosphere to the depths of
the ocean
Terms to Know
Abiotic factors: non-living parts of the
environment
Biotic factors: living parts of the
environment
Terms to Know
Species: organisms that interbreed and
produce fertile offspring
– Organisms that interbreed and produce sterile
offspring are NOT the same species
+
=
An organism
Any living thing that
contains all the
characteristics of life.
What are the levels of
organization that make
up a living
organism?
Population
Individual organisms
of a single species
that share the same
geographical location
at the same time.
Biological Community –
a group of interacting
populations that share
the same geographical
area at the same time
Ecosystem
Biome – A group of ecosystems that share
the same climate and have similar types of
communities
Biosphere
Habitat or Niche
A dog within a fenced yard
Fleas on a dog
Yearly migration of butterflies
Snake in a hole
Moths mate in early summer
Bat in a cave
Frog under a log
Horse eating grass
Relationships Between Organisms
Symbiosis: living together
– Commensalism: one species
benefits/ one is neither
helped nor harmed
– Mutualism: both species
benefit
– Parasitism: one species benefits/
one species is harmed
How to remember the 3
symbiotic relationships
1
2
3
Hookwork: Lives in the
intestines of animals
Ascariasis is a infection of
the intestines by parasitic
roundworms that usually
cause no symptoms, but
can be very serious.
Caterpillar with wasp parasites
Schistosoma, a parasite contracted through
contaminated water.
A leech must complete it’s lifecycle by
laying it’s eggs in water after taking a
blood meal
Relationships Between Organisms
Predation – The act of one organism
consuming another for food.
– Predator
– Prey
*An understanding of these relationships give
farmers alternatives to pesticides.
Competition – When more than one
organism uses a resource at the same
time.
Energy in an Ecosystem
Producers/Autotrophs: organisms that
capture energy from the sun and
manufacture their own nutrients.
Obtaining Energy
Consumers/Heterotrophs: organisms that
must feed on other organisms for nutrients
Types of Heterotrophs
Herbivores/ primary consumers: consume
only plants
Carnivores: consume only animals
Types of Heterotrophs
Omnivores: consume both plants and
other animals
Types of Heterotrophs
Organisms that return
nutrients to the air, soil and water
Scavengers: consume animals that
are already dead
Decomposers: break down and
absorb nutrients from dead organisms
Dentrivores: eat fragments of
dead matter
Food Chains and Webs
Food chain: a simple model showing how
energy flows from one organism to
another
A Food Chain
From the
Ocean
Trophic levels are
represented by each
organism.
Energy is lost at each
trophic level as
organisms:
•Produce new cells
•Regulate body temperature
•Move about
Food Web from the Ocean
Food Chains and Webs
Food web: a more complex model that
more accurately depicts how energy flows
from organism to organism
Transfer of
Energy Within a
Food Chain
Pyramid of Biomass / Energy
Pyramid of Numbers
Ecological Pyramids of Energy
BioEd Online
Ecological Pyramids of Biomass
BioEd Online
Quizzy Poo
Jason is watching a science fiction movie when he
hears one of the characters mention the term
biosphere. Jason has never heard the term
before and looks it up. Which would be included
in the definition of biosphere?
A. All parts of the earth where life can survive.
B. Regions of the earth where many organisms live
C. The inner core, the continents, and oceans of the
earth
D. The living things that inhabit earth
Quizy Poo
Mia takes an early morning hike through a forest near her
home. She spots white tailed deer browsing on
undergrowth vegetation and a raccoon eating an apple
and tuna carelessly left behind by another hiker. Mia
discovers bright yellow mushrooms growing on a rotting
log. Mia shares her observations with workers at the
local nature center. Which would Mia share with the
center’s ecologist?
A. All organisms spotted during the hike are heterotrophs.
B. The oak trees and mushrooms are two types of forest
autotrophs.
C. The raccoon is an omnivore because it eats plants and animals.
D. The deer are considered carnivores of forest plants.
Creating a Food Web
Mini Lab 2.1
Follow the procedure on p. 42.
Analysis:
1. Color code each type of organism and shade
the names of each organism according to the
color code you created.
2. Put circles around all heterotrophs and squares
around all autotrophs.
3. Pull out one food chain and draw it on the side
labeling primary, secondary, and tertiary
consumer
4. Answer question # 2 on the back.
Herbivore
Carnivore
Omnivore
Detrivore
Autotroph
Red Fox
Racoon
White Oak Tree