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Relationships Nature’s Way of Recycling Ecology Trophic Levels Energy Flow Miscellaneous $100 $100 $100 $100 $200 $200 $200 $200 $300 $300 $300 $100 $100 $200 $200 $300 $300 $300 $400 $400 $400 $400 $400 $400 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 Both organisms benefit from living together. Mutualism An association where one organisms benefits, while the other neither benefits nor is harmed. Commensalism A long term relationship in which one organism obtains nutrients from another. Parasitism A close relationship between two organisms of different species. Ex. microbes located in the digestive tract. Symbiosis The use or defense of a resource by one individual that reduces the availability of that resource to other individuals. Competition The process by which inorganic materials move from the atmosphere to soil, into living organisms and back again. Biogeochemical Cycles T/F During ammonification, bacteria convert nitrogen gas into ammonium compounds. False An increase in the ability of the atmosphere to trap heat. Greenhouse Effect The cycle that photosynthesis and respiration are the base for. Carbon-Oxygen Cycle Convert nitrogen gas (N2) into ammonium compounds (NH4OH). Nitrogen Fixation The way of life of a species. niche The nonliving parts of the environment. abiotic factors An ecological unit that includes all the interacting parts of an environment in an area. Ex. a cave, a pond ecosystem All the living organisms that inhabit an environment. Ex. plants, animals, protists biotic factors The portion of Earth that sustains life. It extends from high in the atmosphere to the bottom of the oceans. biosphere These are autotrophic organisms that manufacture their own food producers This means that it must consume food to get energy. Heterotroph These heterotrophs can be classified into two main groups. Primary and Secondary Consumers This group of organisms break down dead tissue and animal wastes. Decomposers What are the 4 classifications of consumers based on what they eat. Herbivores, Carnivores, Omnivores, Scavengers Interrelated food chains in an ecosystem is call? Food Web A specific sequence in which organisms get energy in an ecosystem. Food Chain Name that pyramid. 1 scavenger 90,000 secondary consumers 200,000 primary consumers 1,500,000 producers Numbers Pyramid Name that pyramid. 21 kCal secondary carnivore 383 kCal primary carnivore 3368 kCal herbivores 20,831 kCal producers Energy Pyramid Name that pyramid. 0.05 g/m2 scavenager 0.1 g/m2 carnivore 0.6 g/m2 herbivore 470 g/m2 producers Biomass Pyramid What are the 4 steps to the water cycle? Condensation Precipitation Transpiration Evaporation A state of severely reduced physiological activity during the winter months. Hibernation Competition between organisms of the same species Intraspecific Competition What are the 3 steps of the Nitrogen cycle? Nitrogen Fixation Ammonification Denitrification A cycle of activity occurring every 24 hours. (ex. Pedals of a flower opening in the morning and closing in the evening. Circadian Rhythm