Download CHAPTER 3 Communities and Biomes

CHAPTER 3
Communities and Biomes
You will identify factors that limit
the existence of species to
certain areas.
You will describe how and why
different communities form.
You will compare and contrast
biomes of the planet earth
LIVING IN THE COMMUNITY
• Communities are interacting populations of
different species.
• Abiotic and biotic factors interact and result
in conditions that are suitable for life for some
organisms and unsuitable for other organisms
• Biotic - living factors
• Abiotic - nonliving factors
LIMITING FACTORS
Environmental factors that affect an organism’s
ability to survive its environment.
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•
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---- FOOD
---- PREDATORS
---- TEMPERATURE
Any biotic or abiotic factor that restricts the
existence, numbers, reproduction, or
distributions of organisms.
Range Of Tolerance
• The ability of an organism to withstand
fluctuations in biotic an abiotic environmental
factors.
• For example:
• A range of temperatures
• A difference of soil types
• Amount of sunlight
• Elevation
SUCCESSION
As the land changes
• Changes over time
• Orderly, natural changes
• Species replacements that take place in the
communities of an ecosystem.
Stages of Succession
• Different species at different stages create
conditions that are suitable for some
organisms and not suitable for others.
• Two types of succession:
•
--------- Primary succession
•
--------- Secondary succession
Primary Succession
Colonization of new sites by
communities of organisms.
• First species in an area are called pioneer plants
• Example: Lichen
• A stable mature community that undergoes little
or no change in species is a climax community
Secondary Succession
• Community changes that take place after a
community is disrupted by natural disasters or
human actions
• Lightning or flood
• Farmer abandoning a field
• ECOSYSTEMS THAT HAVE SIMILIAR KINDS OF
CLIMAX COMMUNITIES.
• LAND BIOMES: TERRESTRIAL BIOMES
• LAKE, STREAMS, OCEANS: AQUATIC BIOMES
Aquatic Biomes
Life in the Water
Marine Biomes
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Separate marine biomes into:
Shallow
Sunlit zones
Deeper
Unlighted zones
Estuary: coastal body of water, partially
surrounded by land, in which freshwater and
saltwater mix.
Marine Biome
The Effects of Tides Twice a day
• Intertidal zone: The portion of the shoreline
that lies between the high and low tides.
• Tide pools: Pools of water left when the water
recedes at low tide, vary greatly in nutrients
and oxygen levels from the ocean.
• Much light but organisms have to contend
with the crashing of waves.
Terrestrial Biomes
Key Terms
• Climax community
Limiting factor
• Primary succession
Secondary
succession
• Aphotic zone
Biome
Desert
• Estuary
Grassland
Tundra
• Permafrost
Photic zone Plankton
• Taiga
Temperate forest
• Tropical rain forest
Intertidal zone