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Download Ecology: the study of interrelationships between organisms and their
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Ecology: the study of interrelationships between organisms and their environment • Basic unit studied: the organism! • Abiotic = nonliving (air, water, soil) Biotic = living (plants and animals) • Ecology is part of biology (the study of ___?) • LIFE! (Bio = life) Ecology: the study of interrelationships between organisms and their environment • • • • • Ecology means the study of home Eco is also in economics How are ecology and economics similar?? Benefit – cost = $$ in economics Benefit – cost = survival in ecology (for the organism!) Levels of organization Subatomic particles atoms molecules organelles cells tissues organs biosphere Organ systems ecosystem Multicellular ORGANISM! community population Levels of organization Subatomic particles atoms molecules organelles Smallest living unit cells tissues organs biosphere Organ systems ecosystem Multicellular ORGANISM! community population Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells Prokaryotic Primitive Simple DNA is in nucleiod region No membrane bound organelles Smaller Eukaryotic modern complex DNA is in nucleus membrane bound organelles Larger Prokaryotic Cell Eukaryotic Cell 6 kingdoms • Archae: single-celled, prokaryotic, extreme environments, look like bacteria • Bacteria (Eubacteria): true bacteria, single-celled, prokaryotic, includes E. coli • Protista: single-celled plants and animals, eukaryotic, includes Paramecium (pond water organisms) • Fungi: multicellular, eukaryotic, chemotrophs, decompsers, includes: yeasts, molds and mushrooms • Plantae: multicellular, eukaryotic, autotrophs (photosynthesis), includes: grass, shrubs, trees • Animalia: multicellular, eukaryotic, heterotrophs, motile, includes: you! Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells Prokaryotic Primitive Simple DNA is in nucleiod region No membrane bound organelles Smaller Bacteria, Archae Eukaryotic modern complex DNA is in nucleus membrane bound organelles Larger Protists, Fungi, Plants Animals Taxonomy • Linnaeus/binomial name (Genus species) • Humans = Homo sapiens • Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species • Homology = similarity in structure due to a common ancestor • Analogy = similarity in function not due to a common ancestor • DNA comparison Homologous Structures Let’s play: Which is more closely related? • • • • • • • BAT, BIRD, DOG?? BAT & BIRD? BAT & DOG? DOG & BIRD? BAT & DOG!! WHY?? THEY ARE BOTH MAMMALS (fur and teeth) Schools of Taxonomy • Phenetics: looks for similarity and differences whether homology or analogy • Phylogenetics/systematics: use homologies to map evolutionary relationship Phylogenetic tree: series of branches Energy flow: Food Chain Grass (producer) Mouse (herbivore) Snake (primary carnivore) Hawk (secondary carnivore) Should this be drawn in a line as above or another shape??? Energy pyramid What did we leave out?? Grass (producer) Mouse (herbivore) Snake (primary carnivore) Hawk (secondary carnivore) Decomposers (detritivores) = the recyclers!!!
