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Rocky Shore Habitats Annie Russell School of Marine Science and Technology Aims for today 1. What are the factors that affect the distribution of an organism on the rocky shore? 2. How have the organisms become adapted to the rocky shore? 3. From your observations of the organisms on the rocky shore give specific examples of how the organisms observed have adapted to survive the rocky shore environment. Polar oceans Coral reef Marine habitats Rocky Shores Deep sea oceans Open oceans How does all this affect the Rocky shore at cullercoats? Rocky Shore Habitat What are the factors that affect the distribution of an organism on the rocky shore? Biotic and Abiotic factors Distinguish between Biotic and Abiotic factors. The biotic factors are the influences that result from the activities of living organisms in the community eg. competition Abiotic (physical factors) are the influences of the non-living part of the community e.g.. Climate Desiccation Salinity Gradient Temperature Abiotic Oxygen Light Wave crash Aspect Abiotic (physical factors) are the influences of the non-living part of the community e.g.. Climate Biotic Competition Predators Mates Food Space Light (algae) The biotic factors are the influences that result from the activities of living organisms in the community eg. competition Abiotic factors - Desiccation Patella vulgata Actinia equina Cancer pagurus Abiotic factors - Temperature Littorina littorea Semibalanus balanoides Abiotic factors - Salinity changes Asterias rubens Carcinus maenas Ulva that was Enteromorpha Abiotic factors - Exposure Abiotic factors - Light Abiotic factors 4: Wave Crash - Oxygen Abiotic factors Abiotic factors 4:– Wave Crash cold water holds more oxygen than warm water – most intertidal organisms must respire underwater - Slope Aspect B c A Biotic factors - Competition Abiotic factors – 4: Space Wave Crash – Mates – Food – Light – Empty shells (hermit crabs) Biotic factors - Predation Abiotic factors 4: Wave Crash - from marine (offshore and intertidal) predators 9 - from terrestrial predators How does all this affect the Rocky shore at cullercoats? 5 Avoid rockpools! 1 1.00 m – X = Y X Y The Shore Thing • Monitoring abundance of rocky shore species around the UK as potential indicators of climate change. • Species search: – Abundant – Frequent – Rare – Not found Common green algae Sea lettuce Gutweed Cladophora Common brown algae Kelp Laminaria digitata Laminaria saccharina Laminaria hyperborea Common brown algae Saw wrack Bladder wrack Spiral wrack Common red algae • Dulse Irish Moss Coral weed Common Animals
