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Crusades
Presented by
Md. RabiUl Islam (Rabi)
Senior Lecturer, GED
Northern University Bangladesh
E-mail: [email protected]
Cell:
01712-541463
Crusade:
The word crusade means any struggle for good or
bad. Here crusade indicates the destructive
religious war during 1096-1296 A.D against the
Muslim in the East and the Christians in the
Europe.
The war happened between these two group of
religious people was one of the most important in
world history.
The Christians in Europe involved themselves in the
crusade following the dictation of their Pope taking
the cross mark on their chest.
They considered the cross mark as their flag, that
was why is is called the crusade.
Most of the European historians and the researchers
asserted all the war between the Muslims and
Christians as the crusades.
The crusade was the expression of the conflict, and
the hate of European Christians to Asian Muslims.
So the causes of crusade were many and it had a
long term impact also.
Amor Ibn al As conquered the Jerusalem first from
the Christian. As a result Jerusalem belonged to
Muslims.
But still then the Muslims rulers shown a well
behavior to the Christians. Because the Muslim
rulers had still then so much patience in religion.
Bitter reaction were created among the Christian
world for conquering Jerusalem by the Muslims.
Though the Christians were under the rule of the
Muslims they were not so active to rescue the city.
Because they were enjoying the religious freedom in
that time.
The Muslim rulers in later were not religious patience
and they started torture on the religious activities of
the Christians and also on Christian pilgrims.
So a vast excitement was created among the
Christians in Europe.
Then the Seljuk Turks conquered an important portion
of the Byzantine Empire.
Immediate cause
Around 1095, a new group of Arabs took control
of Jerusalem. They closed the city to Jewish
and Christian pilgrims.
The Pope acted. He called for a crusade - a
volunteer army whose goal was to retake
Jerusalem. Many people volunteered. About
30,000 men left Western Europe to fight in
Jerusalem.
Causes of the Crusade:
Though the first and foremost cause of the crusade was
the tendency to establish the supremacy on the holy
land Palestine, many other socio-economic and
political causes of different European countries that
time involved with the crusade. These causes are
described as belowReligious Cause:
Jerusalem city is the birth place of Jesus. That was why
it was a holy place to the Christian.
For this many Christians did go there for the pilgrim in
each year.
Jerusalem is also holy to the Jews and to the Muslims.
Causes of the Crusades _ contd.
Religious Cause (contd.)
►To Christians, it was the place where Jesus was
crucified and ascended to heaven
►To Muslims, it was the place where Muhammad
ascended to heaven
►To Jews, it was the site of the ancient temple built
by Solomon.
In 600 CE, Arabs entered the city and took control.
But the Arabs allowed Christian and Jewish
pilgrims to visit Jerusalem. In fact, Jews and
Christians could live in Palestine as long as they
paid their taxes like everyone else.
Causes of the Crusade (cont’d):
Religious Cause (cont’d)
So the Constantinople was in threatened. In that
circumstances the Europeans participated with the
crusade responding their Pope.
The Pope declare that the Crusaders need not pay the
tax and they will be escaped from all types of sin.
On the other hand since Jerusalem was more than
same important to the Muslims, that is why they also
took part in that religious war to save their holy
place from the aggression of the Christian crusaders.
So the Crusade begun.
Causes of the Crusade (cont’d):
Political Cause:
The political cause was one of the most important
causes in the history of the crusade.
Most of the crusaders were not participated in the
crusade only for their religious feelings also different
political causes.
Because many of the people who encouraged the
crusaders, the wishing to conquer and rule the
country.
At the beginning of the eleventh century the power of the
Muslim rulers were weakened, and the Christian
popes used that chance.
Causes of the Crusade (cont’d):
Political Cause (cont’d):
The conflict between the emperors and the popes were
in the climax situation that time.
In these situations the roman pope encouraged the
people to crusade to rescue the holy place and to get
the supremacy over both the Greek church and the
roman emperors.
The roman emperor thought that his power will be
increased if it is possible to conquer the Jerusalem
city.
That was why he also encouraged the people to the
crusade.
Economic Cause
Economic Cause
Economic and commercial competition also responsible
for Crusade.
The supremacy of the Muslim merchants were
established since 10th century.
As a result the Muslim merchants got privileges in trade
and commerce. Most of the cities in Italy, Egypt,
Spain, Syria and other Mediterranean countries were
under the Muslim supremacy.
In that condition the foremost objective of the Christians
merchants were to rescue the sea ways through the
Crusade.
The Christian merchants encouraged the Crusade by
giving ships, money and some how direct participation
in the Crusade.
Economic Cause (cont’d)
Notably the population of Europe were increased
much during the 10th century in comparison of the
land.
Many social problems were so high in that time. In
that condition the Christian merchants participated
to take the control of international commerce.
Because the merchants had the naval power and
experience.
They had also knowledge about different sea ports in
the Mediterranean sea.
In that Pope second Urban encouraged the
merchants in the Crusade.
Cultural Cause
Before the arrival of Islam the Romans in the east and
the Greek were the bearer of civilization.
They thought themselves proud for their education and
civilization, and considered the other nations as the
barber and the back warded.
But the arrival of Islam was the threatened for the Greek
and the roman civilization.
Because widely spread of Islam was the responsible to
demolish the culture of Greek and roman civilization.
Cultural Cause (cont’d)
The Muslims that time was holding the highest
position in the history of world civilization.
Even a major portion of the Greek and roman empire
were conquered by the Muslims.
That was why the anti Islam mentality among the
Europeans were very high at that moment.
So it be asserted that the crusade was the result of
the expression of the anti Islam mentality for a long
time.
THANK
YOU
ALL