Download Spread

Essay A. Explain the role of religion in civilizations including how religions spread, change
and enhance a sense of community.
Spread
Change
Community
Christianity
1. Jesus, the Messiah
2. teachings of Paul
3. literature
4. organization
Islam
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Buddhism
1.
2.
3.
4.
reduced obligations
new avenues to salvation
Mahayana
Chan
5. Neo-Confucianism
Judaism
Hinduism
Five Pillars of Islam
Sharia
Jihad
Quran
Muhammad
1. Yahweh
2. Moses & the Ten
Commandments
3. Torah
4. Talmud
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Vedas
Upanishads
Bhagavad Gita
Four Aims of Life
Hinduism in Indian society
B. Explain how the “Rise of the West” happened.
State Building
Renaissance
Exploration
Conquest
Trade
Colonization
1. Was done by
mainly by Italy,
France, Spain and
England.
2. Based primarily
on fresh sources
of income to
finance
maintenance and
large standing
armies.
3. Levied taxes
4. Asserted
authority of
central
government over
nobility
5. Through state
building it
allowed
governments the
funds to finance
European
Exploration
1. Was an explosion
of intellectual
creativity that
took place only in
the West
2. it significantly
affected the
cultural and
economical
growth of the
West
1. Explorers: de
Gama, Columbus,
Magellan and
James Cook
2. Search for basic
resources and
lands suitable for
cash crap
cultivation
3. New routes to
Asia
4. Expand
Christianity
5. New
technologies:
ships (carrack,
caravel),
instruments
(compass, staffs),
winds and
currents
1. Cortes conquered
the Aztecs
2. Francisco Pizarro
conquered the
Incas
3. Indians after
getting mad a
Europeans for
controlling land
team up between
France and
Britain, Seven
Years’ War,
Britain wins
becoming lead
power.
4. Trade by the silk
roads became
unsafe after
Genghis Khan’s
death other trade
routes were
looked for
5. Maritime trade
became the way
to get things
between the east
and the west
6. Trade route by
sea to East was
hunted and
instead a New
World was found
7. West was able to
build up their
maritime trade
because they had
the new world
and goods that
came from there
1. English, French
and Dutch find
fishing is great in
North America,
but settlement
life is hard.
2. Then fur became
big commodity,
people started
moving farther
inland, cultivating
crops and
claiming land
(upset natives).
3. Spanish in Central
America mine
silver (haciendassupport mines &
market labor
system- gets
workers to work
harder)
4. Portuguese plant
sugar in Brazil
and import
millions of slaves
Essay C. Explain why selected societies go to war and how and why they succeed or fail at their
Greeks
Alexander
Mongols
Aztecs
Why they went to war
How They Fought
How & Why They
Succeeded
1. Colonial competition with
Persians
2. Competition amongst themselves
1. Athens had a powerful Navy
2. Sparta had a powerful
infantry
After Athens was burned
they were able to defeat
the Persians at Plataea and
force them back to
Anatolia.
1. Delian League
2. Peloponnesian War
To expand his empire
1. Phalanx formation with
hoplite warriors
2. Elite soldiers called
Companions that were with
Alexander.
3. Sieges
4. Weapons to break down city
walls
1. Light cavalry
2. On horse with bow-could
shoot while standing on
horse
1. Conquered Persian
Empire as desired.
2. Used his Principles of
War
1. Did not kill Darius so was never
able to be King of Persia
2. Became so “native” that it’s
likely his men assassinated him.
3. Empire was divided after his
death.
1. Conquered more
territory than anyone
in history
2. His Organization of
Army
Got victims for
bloodletting ceremonies
Did not have a central government,
only maintained control through
army, people fought for power
after he died and it was divided up.
To get tribute
To get human sacrificial victims
Like close hand to hand combat
How & Why They Failed
Could not match Cortes who had
guns, steel weapons, horses &
psychological warfare.
Crusaders
Why they went to war
How They Fought
1. Pope wanted to unify the
church institution again
2. Italian city states hoped to
make money off of it
3. No longer a buffer zone
between Muslims and Catholics
4. Christians were being harassed
in Jerusalem
Many crusaders were looking
for a new life and they were so
excited that they couldn’t wait
to leave and so people left at
different times.
There was no restraint. They
killed everyone who wasn’t
Christian.
How & Why They
Succeeded
First Crusade was a
success because they
took the Muslims by
surprise.
Fourth Crusade: Was all
about greed but they
wanted Constantinople
and they got it.
How & Why They Failed
First Crusade: Muslims took back
Jerusalem after Crusaders left to
go back to Europe.
Second Crusade: Muslims were
ready. Crusade troops were
divided and both divisions were
defeated.
Third Crusade: Peace treaty
signed but did not get Jerusalem
so therefore a failure.
objectives