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The Crusades Chapter 5 Sec. 1 Causes of the Crusades • The Seljuk Turks gained control pf Palestine. – They threatened the Byzantine Empire and they asked the Pope Urban II for help. • Urban learned that Christian pilgrims had been persecuted by the Turks. – Pope Urban wanted to get Palestine back from the Seljuk. • He called on the lords of Europe to stop the fight between themselves and to take back the Holy Land. Reasons for Going on the Crusades • Some went to save their souls. – They believed that if they died while on the Crusade they would go to heaven.. • Some Knights went to gain land and wealth. • Merchants saw it as a chance to make money. The First Crusade • Lasted from 1096 to 1099. • French and Italian Lords lead armies. • They were poorly prepared for the trip. – Little food, poor supply lines and hot wool clothes. • The Crusaders captured Antioch and Jerusalem. – The Turks were fighting among themselves. – The Crusaders massacred the Muslim and Jewish inhabitants in Jerusalem. – Four small states were set up and fiefs were handed out. – Trade sprang up between Europe and Middle East. Second Crusade • By 1146 the Turks united their forces. – They took back many of the cities that were captured. • In 1147, the Second Crusade began. – Lead by King Louis VII of France and German King Conrad III. – After two years of fighting, the two kings failed to re-capture the land taken by the Turks. Third Crusade • From 1189 to 1192, Barbarossa of HRE, King Phillip of Fr. And King Richard of Eng. – Barbarossa died on the way down. – Phillip and Richard fought over whose plan to use. • Phillip went home and Richard stayed. • Did not re-capture Jerusalem, signed a treaty with Saladin. • Allowed Christians to enter Jerusalem freely. The Fourth Crusade • Pope Innocent III had French knight gathered to fight. – Left for Holy Lands in 1202. – 1204, the Crusaders attacked Constantinople. • Took all that was valuable. • They were influenced by Venetian traders. The Children's Crusade. • In 1212, Young children from across Europe decided to march to the Holy Land and recapture it. – They were little prepared for the trip. • When they reached the coast. They were more of a hungry mob. • Pope sent most home • Others were tricked into boat that sold them into slavery. The Results of the Crusades • All of the Crusades failed except for the First Crusade. • Weapons --– The Crossbow was utilized. Very powerful bow. Replaced traditional bow. • Political Changes – – Many powerful Feudal Lords died in Crusades. – This helped the Kings to become stronger. – The Christian Church also became more powerful. • Ideas and Trade – – Crusaders exchanged ideas with one another and the Muslims. • These Ideas helped enrich Europe's Culture. – Italian cities also became the center for trade with the Middle East.