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Bell Work 9/15 1) Define the vocabulary words listed below: Nomad Migration Maize Culture 2) Write a sentence using each vocabulary term correctly. Unit 1: Different Worlds Meet Chapter 1: The First Americans Chapter 2: Exploring the Americas Chapter 1: The First Americans Section 1: Early Peoples Section 2: Cities and Empires Section 3: North American Peoples Chapter 1 Section 1: Early Peoples Main Idea Ice Ages Beringia Supporting Details Periods of time when part of the earth was covered with large ice sheets. Last one ended about 10,000 years ago. Land bridge between Asia and North America that was exposed during the last Ice Age. Chapter 1 Section 1: Early Peoples Main Idea Supporting Details Migrations of First groups of people in the Early Peoples Americas migrated across Beringia Nomadic Hunters in search of food Large animals disappeared People hunted smaller game, fish, and ate plants Emergence of Maize was discovered in present-day Communities Mexico 9,000 years ago Farming allowed people to stop moving from place to place. Chapter 1 Section 1: Early Peoples Mastodon Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Mastodon_color.jpg Chapter 1 Section 1: Early Peoples Woolly Mammoths Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Woolly_mammoth_cropped.jpg Chapter 1 Section 1: Early Peoples Main Idea Supporting Details Cultures Ways of life that include religion, beliefs, values, and traditions Communities allowed people to develop common customs Review and Process 1) What is the name of the land bridge the early Native Americans crossed? 2) Why were the early Native Americans nomadic? 3) What discovery allowed people to form communities? 4) What characteristics are a part of culture? Write a one sentence summary about something you learned today! Bell Work 1) Define the vocabulary words listed below: Theocracy Hieroglyphics Terrace 2) Write a sentence using each vocabulary term correctly. Chapter 1 Section 2: Cities and Empires Main Idea Supporting Details Early American Civilizations Maya Prior to European exploration, there were many American civilizations The most advanced were the Maya, Aztec, and Inca Present-day Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, and Belize 300-900 AD Built stone pyramids with religious and government centers on the tops Tikal was the largest Mayan city Theocracy Believed gods controlled all that happened on earth astronomers Hieroglyphics Chapter 1 Section 2: Cities and Empires Chichen Itza- Kukulcan Temple (Maya) Source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/89241789@N00/750441966/ Chapter 1 Section 2: Cities and Empires Main Idea Aztec Inca Supporting Details Present-day Mexico Tenochtitlan-capital city (Mexico City) Military empire-conquered neighboring tribes Forced conquered people to work as slaves Society organized around religion Sacrificed prisoners in religious ceremonies Western highlands of South America(Colombia-Chile) Cuzco-the capital city Largest of early American civilizations Quipus Quechua-official language Terracing Chapter 1 Section 2: Cities and Empires Aztec pyramid Source: http://www.amerika-live.de/Mexiko/Mexiko34.jpg Section 2: Cities and Empires Machu Picchu- “Lost Incan City” Review and Process 1) What present-day countries did the Mayans live in? 2) What is a theocracy? 3) What was the name of the Aztec’s capital city? 4) How did the Aztec build a military empire? 5) Where was the Inca Empire located? 6) How were the Inca able to plant crops on mountainsides? Write a one sentence summary about something you learned today! Bell Work 1) Define the vocabulary words listed below: Pueblos Adobe Federation 2) Write a sentence using each vocabulary term correctly. Chapter 1 Section 3: North American Peoples Main Idea Supporting details Hohokam Present-day Arizona 300-1300 AD Built irrigation canals Left behind pottery, carved stone, and shells Anasazi Lived in area known as Four Corners (Utah, Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico) Built pueblos Mound Builders Present-day Pennsylvania-Mississippi River Valley Built mounds of earth similar to Aztec pyramids Chapter 1 Section 3: North American Peoples Hohokam Pottery Section 3: North American Peoples Anasazi Pueblos Chapter 1 Section 3: North American Peoples Main Idea Supporting Details Inuit (Eskimo)-Arctic regions of North America Last group to migrate to North America Built igloos, wear furs and sealskins Peoples of the West Peoples of the Southwest Tlinglit, Haida, Chinook, Nez Perce, Yakima, Pomo, Ute, and Shoshone Used resources from the forest and sea Hopi, Acoma, Zuni, Navajo, Apache Made homes out of adobe bricks Raised beans, squash, and maize Chapter 1 Section 3: North American Peoples Inuit igloo Source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/alaskabee/410830022/ Chapter 1 Section 3: North American Peoples Main Idea Supporting Details Peoples of the Plains Comanche and Dakota Nomads Lived in teepees Trained horses to hunt and fight Peoples of the East Iroquois consisted of 5 main groups: Onodaga, Oneida, Seneca, Cayuga, and Mohawk Formed a federation-Iroquois League Present-day northeast (New York) Peoples of the Southeast Creek, Cherokee, Chickasaw, and Seminole Southeast (Georgia, Alabama, and the Carolinas) Chapter 1 Section 3: North American Peoples Teepees on the Plains Source: http://www.welcomehome.org/rainbow/graphics/nm95/teepees.jpg Review and Process 1) Which group lived in present-day Arizona between 300-1300 A.D.? 2) Which group lived in the area known as the Four Corners? 3) Where did the Mound Builders live? 4) Which group built igloos to protect themselves from severe weather? 5) Which groups of people built tepees? 6) Which Iroquois groups formed the Iroquois League? Write a one sentence summary about something you learned today! Bell Work 1) Define the vocabulary words listed below: Renaissance Technology Astrolabe Caravel Mosque 2) Write a sentence using each vocabulary term correctly. Chapter 2: Exploring the Americas Section 1: Section 2: Section 3: Section 4: A Changing World Early Explorations Spain in America Exploring North America Chapter 2 Section 1: A Changing World Main Idea Supporting Details Marco Polo Italian explorer Traveled to Asia in 1271 Spent 17 years in Asia Wrote a book called Travels Travels influenced other European explorers (Columbus) Renaissance Renewed interest in classical Greek and Roman learning Began in Italy in the early 1400’s. Encouraged pursuit of new ideas and challenges Led to exploration and discovery Chapter 2 Section 1: A Changing World Marco Polo Source: http://www.windoweb.it/guida/cultura/cultura_foto/marco_polo.jpg Chapter 2 Section 1: A Changing World Main Idea NationStates Supporting Details Technology Better maps, astrolabe, and magnetic compass Navigation easier for sailors Caravel- longer ocean voyages Large groups of people with common customs organized under a single government Develop foreign trade and travel Increase power and wealth (Spain, France, England, Netherlands) Chapter 2 Section 1: A Changing World Main Idea Supporting Details African Kingdoms Major West African Kingdoms: Mali, Ghana, and Songhai Empire Ghana Trading empire (400-1100AD) Gold and salt Split into several new states Mali Capital city-Timbuktu Developed trade routes to North Africa Mansa Musa- Mali’s greatest king Musa had several mosques built in Timbuktu Chapter 2 Section 1: A Changing World Main Idea Songhai Empire Supporting Details Late 1400’s West Africa’s largest empire Askiya Muhammad- Songhai’s greatest emperor Legal system and schools Trade with Europe and Asia Review and Process 1) Who was Marco Polo? 2) What was the Renaissance? 3) What technologies made ocean travel easier? 4) Which nation-states wanted to increase their power and wealth? 5) Which African empires traded with European nation-states? Write a one sentence summary about something you learned today! Bell Work 1) Define the vocabulary words listed below: Circumnavigate Strait 2) Write a sentence using each vocabulary term correctly. Chapter 2 Section 2: Early Explorations Main Idea Supporting Details The Vikings Explored Iceland and Greenland-800’s and 900’s Leif Eriksson explored Vinland Historians think Vinland was North America Portugal Leaders of early exploration New water route to Asia Sailed along the Gold Coast (West Africa) Traded for gold, ivory, and slaves in 1400’s Prince Henry From Portugal the First to sail along west coast of Africa Navigator Created center of exploration Chapter 2 Section 2: Early Explorations Main Idea Supporting Details Bartholomeu Dias From Portugal 1487-explored Cape of Good Hope Vasco da Gama From Portugal 1498- First to sail around Africa to India Christopher Columbus From Italy, sailed for Spain Sponsored by Queen Isabella Find new water route to Asia by sailing west Columbus’ First Voyage October 12, 1492 Columbus lands in present-day Bahamas Named the land San Salvador and claimed it for Spain Referred to the native people as Indians Chapter 2 Section 2: Early Explorations Christopher Columbus Source: http://www.lincolncs.org/56/Studies/images/Christopher%20Columbus.jpg Chapter 2 Section 2: Early Explorations Main Idea Supporting Details Three additional voyages in 1493, 1498, and 1502 Columbus’ Later voyages Explored islands of Hispaniola, Cuba, and Jamaica. Claimed these lands for Spain Amerigo Vespucci Ferdinand Magellan 1499- Mapped South America’s coast New continent named America in his honor 1519-1521 Sailed through the Strait of Magellan 1521-Killed in battle in the present-day Philippines Magellan’s crew- first to circumnavigate the world Chapter 2 Section 2: Early Explorations Ferdinand Magellan Review and Process 1) Who were the first explorers to reach North America? 2) Which explorer was the first to reach India? 3) Which explorer believed he could reach Asia by sailing west? 4) Which explorer was America named after? 5) Which explorer’s crew was the first to circumnavigate the world? Write a one sentence summary about something you learned today! Bell Work 1) Define the vocabulary words listed below: Conquistador Mission Presidio Encomienda Plantation 2) Write a sentence using each vocabulary term correctly. Chapter 2 Section 3: Spain in America Main Idea Supporting Details Conquistadors Spanish explorers who settled in the Americas Received land grants from Spanish rulers in exchange for 20% of any discovered treasure Conquered Native American empires Exposed Native Americans to European diseases Hernan Cortes Francisco Pizzaro Spanish conquistador 1519- landed in present-day Mexico 1521- Conquered Aztec empire 1532-Landed in South America Captured and executed Inca emperor Atahualpa Conquered Inca empire Section 3: Spain in America Chapter 2 Section 3: Spain in America Main Idea Supporting Details Juan Ponce 1513- Landed in Florida Searching for gold and “fountain of youth” de Leon Led to the creation of St. Augustine in 1565 Hernando de Soto 1539-1542 Explored present-day southeastern U.S. Explored west coast of Florida, the Mississippi River, and traveled as far as Oklahoma Francisco Coronado Looking for the Seven Cities of Cibola Explored the southwestern part of the present-day United States around 1540 Section 3: Spain in America Hernando de Soto Review and Process 1) Who were the conquistadors? 2) Which explorer conquered the Aztec empire? 3) Which explorer conquered the Inca empire? 4) Which explorer landed in Florida in 1513? 5) Which person explored he southeastern U.S? Write a one sentence summary about something you learned today! Bell Work Complete the following quick write activity based on what you learned yesterday: YOU have been given the opportunity to interview Hernan Cortes. Write three questions that you would want to ask him and why you want to know his answers. Chapter 2 Section 3: Spain in America Main Idea Supporting Details Guns, cannons, and horses Spain’s Success in the Native Americans believed Spaniards were gods Many Native American assisted the Spanish New World Exposed to European diseases Spanish Settlements Pueblos-towns and centers of trade Missions-religious communities Presidios-forts built near missions Chapter 2 Section 3: Spain in America Main Idea Supporting Details to demand taxes or labor from Native Encomiendas Right Americans Granted to Spanish conquistadors by Spanish rulers Turned Native Americans into slaves Plantation System Plantations-large estates that raised cash crops Native Americans were used by the Spanish on plantations 1500’s- Spanish bring enslaved Africans to plantations Chapter 2 Section 3: Spain in America Penninsulares- landowners, ran local governments, served in Catholic Church Creoles- People born in the Americas to Spanish parents Mestizos- People with both Spanish and Native American parents Native Americans Enslaved Africans Review and Process 1) Name three reasons why Spain was successful in building a New World empire? 2) What were encomiendas? 3) Describe the plantation system. 4) What were the types of Spanish settlements? 5) What were the social classes in Spanish society? Write a one sentence summary about something you learned today! Bell Work 1) Define the vocabulary words listed below: Mercantilism Columbian Exchange Northwest Passage 2) Write a sentence using each vocabulary term correctly. Chapter 2 Section 4: Exploring North America Main Idea Supporting Details Protestant Reformation 1517-people in Europe protested the policies of the Catholic Church Led to religious rivalries in the Americas between Catholics and Protestants Mercantilism Nation’s power is based wealth Competition among European nations for treasure and land in New World Columbian Exchange Two-way exchange between Europe and Asia, Africa, or the Americas Livestock, crops, plants, and enslaved Africans Disease carried from Europe to Americas Chapter 2 Section 4: Exploring North America Main idea Northwest Passage Supporting Details John Cabot Sailed for England 1497- Landed on coast of present-day Newfoundland Claimed for England Giovanni da Verrazano Sailed for France 1524- Explored North American coast from present-day Newfoundland to the Carolinas England, France, and Netherlands wanted to trade with Asia Searched for direct water route through Americas to Asia Chapter 2 Section 4: Exploring North America John Cabot- England Source: http://www.elizabethan-era.org.uk/images/john-cabot.jpg Chapter 2 Section 4: Exploring North America Main Idea Supporting Details Jacques Cartier Sailed for France, 1534-1536 Explored St. Lawrence River area 1535 Founded Montreal Henry Hudson Sailed for the Netherlands (Dutch) 1609 Explored Hudson River valley 1610 Explored Hudson Bay Samuel de Champlain Sailed for France, 1608 Explored Quebec and Lake Champlain region Established fur trading posts in Quebec Chapter 2 Section 4: Exploring North America Jacques Cartier- France Source: http://blog.libero.it/jacquescartier/getmedia Review and Process 1) What was the Columbian Exchange? 2) What is mercantilism? 3) What were explorers from England, France, and the Netherlands looking for? 4) What impact did these explorers have on North America? Write a one sentence summary about something you learned today!