Download Ancient Greece

Ancient Greece
“Birthplace of Western Civilization”
SOL WH1.
Bell Activity 10/10/2013
(2nd Block)
SOL: WHI.5
Learning Targets: At the
end of the day, you will be
able to-Describe the impact of
geography on the history
of the Greeks
-Compare and contrast
Athens and Sparta
1)
2)
3)
4)
Ancient Greece was
located on which
peninsula?
What is the narrow
passage of water that
connects the Aegean
Sea to the Sea of
Marmara?
How is geography going
to impact the history of
the Greeks?
Why did Phil Knight
name his shoe company
“Nike?”
You Are
Here!
Greece!
Balkan
Peninsula
Peloponnesus
Athens
Sparta
Geography of Balkan Peninsula
• Located on the Balkan and
Peloponnesus Peninsula
between the Mediterranean
and Aegean Sea
• Land is very rocky; 80% of
the island is covered by
mountains
• Very few rivers; most dry up
in the summer
• Major bodies of water used
for trading: Mediterranean
Sea, Black Sea, Dardanelles
Impact of Geography on Greek Settlements
• Mountains hindered the formation of a national
government
• Greeks formed independent city-states (Athens,
Sparta, Marathon, etc.)
• The city-states (polis) were designed to promote civic
and economic involvement.
• City-states were independent of each other
• Because of overpopulation, Greeks began to
colonize new lands they could farm and spread
their culture
Bell Activity 10/14/2013
(2nd Block)
SOL: WHI.5
Learning Targets: At the
end of the day, you will be
able to-Compare and contrast Athens
and Sparta
-List Greek gods and
goddesses
-Explain how Greek mythology
impacts the modern world
*India/China/Persia Re-Test
tomorrow!!
1. What was the Greek
term for city-state?
2. What is the body of
water between the
Balkan Peninsula and
Asia Minor?
3. What was the main
economic trade in
Greece?
Sparta/Athens Comparison
Sparta
• Very militaristic
• Isolated
• Used 2 kings and a Council
(oligarchy)
• Boys become soldiers at early
age, a woman’s job was to
produce good soldiers
• Rigid social structure
• Little use for new ideas or arts
• Travel forbidden
• Suffered from rigid ideas
Athens
• Government evolved into a
democracy
• Education was encouraged for
males
• Valued the art of debate
(rhetoric)
• Very involved in trade
• Artistic
• Not as military minded as Sparta
• Women had limited rights
Athens/Sparta Assignment
Create an Acronym for each of the letters in the
names of the city-states (“Athens” and “Sparta”).
A
S
T
P
H
A
E
R
N
T
S
A
Essential Knowledge
The expansion of Greek civilization through
trade and colonization led to the spread of
Hellenistic culture across the Mediterranean
and Black seas
Greek Mythology
• Religion of Greece was
polytheistic and
integral to culture,
politics, and art of
Greece
• Greeks believed gods
interacted with humans
and were part of
private lives
Greek Mythology
Greek mythology
developed as a
collection of stories
to explain that which
otherwise could not
be explained (natural
phenomena), human
qualities, and life
events
Greek Myth Rap
Why Are Myths Important today?
Examples of how myths are used in modern
society:
• Herculean Task- A very difficult task- Named
after Greek hero Hercules
• Most constellations named after Greek
characters
• Atlas- Collection of Maps (Named after man
who held up the sky)
• Phrases such as “Achille’s Heel” “Midas
Touch”
Greek Mythology
• Myths often carried a moral with them
• Many of Western civilization’s symbols,
metaphors, words, and idealized images
come from ancient Greek mythology.
Greek Gods and Goddesses
• Zeus—king of the
gods, ruled from
Mt. Olympus
Greek Gods and Godesses
• Hera—queen of the
gods, wife of Zeus
Greek Gods and Goddesses
• Athena—goddess
of wisdom
Greek Gods and Goddesses
• Aphrodite—
goddess of beauty
and love
Greek Gods and Goddesses
• Apollo—god of
music and sun
Greek Gods and Goddesses
• Artemis— virgin
goddess of the hunt
and childbirth
Bell Activity 10/15/2013
(2nd Block)
SOL: WHI.5
Learning Targets: At the
end of the day, you will be
able to-Compare and contrast Athens
and Sparta
-List Greek gods and
goddesses
-Explain how Greek mythology
impacts the modern world
*India/China/Persia Re-Test
tomorrow!!
1.
2.
3.
4.
Who was the King of the
Gods on Greek
mythology?
What were the 2 main
city-states in Greece?
Which had a democratic
government and
promoted education?
How do we use Greek
Mythology in the modern
world?
The Evolution of the Greek Democracy
I. Draco (620 B.C./B.C.E.)
-Set up law code with very harsh penalties
(Draconian Law)
-Accused had right to trial and were innocent
until proven guilty
II. Solon (Chief Ruler in 504 B.C.)
-Outlawed debt slavery
-opened government offices to more people
-Gave assembly more power
The Evolution of the Greek Democracy Continued
III. Pisistratus (Tyrant) 546 B.C.
-Weakened aristocracy by giving loans to farmers and jobs to
poor
IV. Cleisthenes 507 B.C.
-Set up Council of 500; members chosen by lot
-Made Assembly a genuine legislature
V. Pericles (“Golden Age of Athens” 460-429 B.C.)
-Believed all male citizens should participate in government
-Gave government employees a salary
-Presided over a Direct Democracy in which all citizens took part
in day-to-day decisions.
Chronological order of Athenian Government
Monarchy, Aristocracy, Oligarchy, Tyranny, Democracy
Direct Democracy
– Athens slowly
grew to become a
democratic citystate
– Athens was a
direct
democracy—
citizens voted on
each issue
considered by the
government
Democracy in Athens

Public debates and hearings were held so
citizens could express their views
• Free people were allowed to
participate in debates BUT could not
vote
• Citizens were expected to partake in
debates and voting
Social Structure and Citizenship
• City-states were called the polis
• Members of the polis:
• Citizens—free adult males—had political
rights and responsibility of civic
participation in government
Social Structure and Citizenship
• Free people—women,
foreigners, and young
males—had no
political rights
• Slaves—non-citizens—
had no political rights
Social Structure and Citizenship
– To become a citizen, men served 10 years
of military service
– Adult males became citizens and had a
voice in government and protection from
government
– Participation in government was expected
Essential Understandings
• Classical Athens developed the most
democratic system of government the world
had ever seen, although not everyone could
participate in decision making. It became a
foundation of modern democracies.
Golden Age of Athens/Golden Age of Pericles
• Mostly occurring
between the Persian and
Peloponnesian Wars
• Time of peace and
prosperity for Athens
• Time of cultural
advancement and
innovations
• Pericles, the ruler of
Athens, extended
democracy to most
males and they had an
equal voice
Architecture
• Pericles rebuilt
Athens from
destruction that
occurred during the
Persian Wars
• This was the period
in which Greece
gave many “gifts” to
the world
• An example of this is
the Parthenon (Doric
style of columns)
Architecture: Columns
The Greeks Developed
Three types of
Columns
Doric
Ionic
Corinthian
Greek Architecture: Modern
Connections
Can you think of other
buildings that use this style?
Greek sculptures
were known for
their “realistic but
Idealistic portrayals
of the human body
Sculptors:
– Phidias is commonly known as the
greatest sculptor of the Ancient Greek
world. His statue of Zeus at Olympus
was one of the seven wonders of the
ancient world.
Philosophers: Socrates
• Felt through logical
thinking people could
discover wisdom, truth,
and laws of nature
• Taught by using Socratic
Method
• Educate and enlighten
through asking questions
• Leaders of Athens felt
that he was a threat
Socrates
• In 399 BCE, he was accused of
corrupting the young and plotting to
overthrow the government
• He was sentenced to death but
declared himself innocent
• He believed his teachings and carried
out the death sentence by drinking
hemlock (drink made from poisonous
plant)
Philosophers: Plato
• Student of Socrates
and carried out
Socrates work
• He took Socrates
teachings and
organized them into
a philosophical
thought
• Opened a school in
Athens called The
Academy
Philosophers: Plato
• Wrote The Republic in which he set
forth his views of government
• he felt the state was more important
than the individual
• believed Philosopher Kings should
rule—educated people
Philosophers: Aristotle
• Last great philosopher
of Ancient Greece
• Student of Plato
• Opened his own
school in Athens and
contributed to the
field of logic
• Tutor to Alexander the
Great
Historians
• Herodotus— “Father
of History”
• Wrote about the
Persian Wars 200
years after they
occurred
• Wrote in a first
person style as
though he was there
• Often tended to
exaggerate events
and glorify Athens
Historians
Thucydides
• Participated in and
wrote about the
Peloponnesian Wars
• Regarded as being
accurate
• Is considered a
Primary Source—
eyewitness
Science and Engineering
• Archimedes—Greek
inventor—worked
with optics, physics,
and hydraulics
• Archimedes Screw—
way of pumping water,
used in boats
• Also credited with the
principle of the lever
Medicine
• Hippocrates—Father
of medicine
• believed that all
diseases came from
natural causes and not
supernatural
• drew a code of ethics
for doctors—
Hippocratic Oath
Poetry
• Homer- Blind Epic Poet of Ancient Greece
• Epic poem- tells a story!
• Wrote the Iliad and The Odyssey which tell
stories of the Trojan War and the adventures
of Odysseus
Mathematics
• Euclid—Founder of Geometry
• Pythagoras—student of Euclid, extended the
work of Euclid
• responsible for Pythagorean theorem
Greek Drama
• Greeks were the first
to write and perform
plays
• Tragedies—unhappy
endings and human
sufferings
• Comedies—humorous
themes—happy
endings
Greek Drama
• Sophocles—wrote tragedies, most famous is
Antigone
• Aeschylus—wrote over 80 plays—tragedies
• fought in the Persian War
Greek Culture
• The culture of Greece
that emerged during
the Golden Age of
Pericles became
known as Hellenistic
Culture
Rise of Macedonia and Alexander the Great
• Following the
Peloponnesian
Wars, Greece was
left without unity
• a number of
invaders threatened
Greece
• the most powerful
were the
Macedonians
Rise of Macedonia and Alexander the Great
• King Philip II led his
army to Greece and
conquered northern
Greece
• he moved into
southern Greece, but
died before all of
Greece was conquered
• His son, Alexander the
Great, age 23, took
over and conquered
Greece
Rise of Macedonia and Alexander the Great
• Alexander adopted Hellenistic culture
and spread it with him as his army
conquered more land
• Alexander’s army was the most
powerful of its age
• Alexander’s empire went from Egypt to
India and Greek culture went with it.
Alexander the Great
• He died at age 33 under mysterious
causes
• After his death, the empire was divided
among his three top generals
• Without unity, Alexander’s empire was
eventually defeated by the Romans
Hellenistic Culture
• Blend of Greek and oriental elements
• Spread of Hellenistic culture through trade