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Greece: Athens Interactive Video of the Acropolis: History Channel Ancient Greece Αρχαία Ελλάδα An Introduction μια εισαγωγή Location Greek PENINSULA: 300 miles long and juts into the AEGEAN SEA Location Good bays and harbors for fishing and naval activities with many islands Location Occupations: Goat and sheep herding Crops: grains, grapes and olive Athens: Geography Held 40,000 citizens, 150,000 slaves, 10,000 foreigners Polis Greek word for city had an acropolis in the center for government meetings. Athens: Geography 2 main centers: ACROPOLIS and CITADEL Polis Greek word for city had an acropolis in the center for government meetings. Athens: Geography AGORA (market place) is the heart of the city. Parthenon, Greece : Video Polis Greek word for city had an acropolis in the center for government meetings. AGORA in: Thessaloniki Greek City-States Why? Done because of mountains and islands. Greek City-States Why? Done because of mountains and islands. City-state: City and surrounding country side Greek City-States Why? Done because of mountains and islands. City-state: City and surrounding country side A city-state is a city with its own laws, rulers, and money. Greek City-States Why? Done because of mountains and islands. City-state: City and surrounding country side A city-state is a city with its own laws, rulers, and money. City-states were cities that acted like countries. Anyone know some the MAJOR city-states? Sparta Athens Corinth Argos Megara This is……SPARTA! Life was planned by the government All males at age 7 went to military school for rigorous athletic activities and training All males 18-60 served in the army King led the army Girls were given some training but were expected to be strong wives and mothers. Spartan Government 2 Hereditary Kings 5 Ephors (elected once a year from citizenry of 8000 men) sort of supervised the Kings (didn’t have to listen to the King) Council of elders- held office for LIFE; had to be over 60! Assembly (voted on legislation proposed by Ephors)- made up of men over the age of 30 Had a constitution made: Rhetra Athens: Government Athens became the world’s first democracy around 508 B.C, before this it was OLIGARCHIC- WHAT IS THIS? THIS IS WHEN A GROUP OF LEADERS RULE. Ruled by kings for a long time, but eventually fell Direct democracy= DEMOS=people and KRATEIN=rule ALL PEOPLE were part of the government. Government continued Assembly eventually becomes the supreme ruler Senate or Council of 400 men implemented a jury system. During the rule of Pericles, Athens becomes a “true” democracy. Gov’t Continued Athenian democracy did not really give power to everyone. Most of the people in Athens couldn't vote - no women, no slaves, no foreigners (even Greeks from other city-states), no children couldn’t vote! SOLON (wise lawgiver) given power to improve conditionshelped the poor not be sold to slavery, debts, land distribution. Architecture Homes used for sleeping and eating only Architecture Homes used for sleeping and eating only AMPHITHEATER: for religious ceremonies, athletics and dramas. Architecture Homes used for sleeping and eating only AMPHITHEATER: for religious ceremonies, athletics and dramas. Columns: DORIC, IONIC AND CORINTHIAN Architecture Homes used for sleeping and eating only AMPHITHEATER: for religious ceremonies, athletics and dramas. Columns: DORIC, IONIC AND CORINTHIAN FRIEZES: sculpted designs and figures found on upper part of buildings Architecture Homes used for sleeping and eating only AMPHITHEATER: for religious ceremonies, athletics and dramas. Columns: DORIC, IONIC AND CORINTHIAN FRIEZES: sculpted designs and figures found on upper part of buildings ACROPOLIS: was hilltop covered with buildings overlooking the city Architecture Homes used for sleeping and eating only AMPHITHEATER: for religious ceremonies, athletics and dramas. Columns: DORIC, IONIC AND CORINTHIAN FRIEZES: sculpted designs and figures found on upper part of buildings ACROPOLIS: was hilltop covered with buildings overlooking the city PARTHENON: was sacred shrine built to honor ATHENA, guardian of the city. Greek Drama Began in 6th century with one actor delivering speeches. By 8th century, included song and dances with 12-15 men honoring DIONYSUS (god of wine) Wealthy citizens paid for the productions so that all could enjoy Large arenas hold 15,000 people. Drama Continued Actors wore masks and costumes and remained on stage the entire time Between dialogue, chorus sang or chanted Orchestra participated Comedies or Tragedies