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ANCIENT GREECE
The Ancient GREEKS timeline
Ancient Times - The Achaeans (Greeks)
City-States develop
Athens vs. Sparta
Alexander the Great
Decline of the Greeks
Trojan War
Roman Era
Ancient Greece
Greece
Europe
The Ancient GREEKS
The country of Greece was once divided into around 100
city-states. A city-state is a city and the land around a
city. A city-state has its own government, laws, and
army. It started with just a few...
The Ancient GREEKS
But eventually there were many Greek city-states...
Types of Government
The Ancient GREEKS
There were other types
of governments in other
city-states such as the
following.
The Ancient GREEKS
Tyranny:
A person seizes power
illegally. They cannot claim
that they have the right to
rule.
Example: When the oligarchies of ancient
Greece were overthrown, tyrants took
over.
The Ancient GREEKS
But in Sparta, the wealthy were called the
Oligarchy.
The Ancient GREEKS
Oligarchy:
a government led by a small group of
generals and soldiers.
Example: The city-state of Sparta was led
by an oligarchy of warriors.
The Ancient GREEKS
Monarchy:
When the rule is in the hands of one
person, a king. Sometimes chosen by
people, and their sons took over after.
Example: The city-states of Greece were
once ruled by kings. Eventually, they lost
all power to the elite .
The Ancient GREEKS
The Greek city-states were very wealthy and the
people who owned land, were called the
aristocracy.
The Ancient GREEKS
Aristocracy:
A government in which a
few elite and wealthy citizens
rule and have power
Example: The Greeks were once ruled by
the aristocracy.
The Ancient GREEKS
Democracy:
Rule by the people or a government in
which many people are able to
participate and vote
Example: Greeks believed that all male
citizens had a right to vote on matters.
The Ancient GREEKS
But over time, democracy, where each citizen had a vote
and majority rules, developed in Athens and then spread
to other parts of ancient Greece.
Minoans vs Mycenaeans
Minoans
• Lived on island of Crete
• 1st Greek Civilization
• Traded with Egypt and
Mesopotamia things like
pottery
• Left island because so
many earthquakes
destroyed their city
Mycenaeans
• Lived on Peloponnesus or
mainland
• Named after city-state
of Mycenae
• Conquered the Minoans
• Traded with Italy,
Egypt and Mesopotamia
Athens vs. Sparta
The Ancient GREEKS
ATHENS
SPARTA
• Democracy
•Oligarchy
•Traded with other city-states
•Did not trade because they didn’t trust
anyone
•Men became citizens at 20
•Men became citizens after passing
fitness test
• wanted citizens to be educated
and cultured:
- literature and poetry
- music
- art, painting, and sculpture
- philosophy
•wanted citizens to be a physically
fit, strong, well-trained, marching
army.
•focused on exercise and military
training.
The Ancient GREEKS
•
ATHENS
SPARTA
Athens
Military
1. Boys required to
attend training.
2. After they were free
to live their lives
however they
wanted.
3. Built a very strong
navy.
4. Protected their lands
from Sparta.
Athens
Education
1. Boys went to school.
2. Studied: reading,
writing, math, drawing,
public speaking, music
and philosophy. .
3. Very important that
their citizens be WELL
educated.
4. Girls learned to
manage home, read &
write.
Athens
Women
1. Caring for children.
2. Support husband with
work.
3. Cannot leave house
without a male escort.
4. No say in government.
5. Less freedom than
Spartan women.
Athens
Government
1. Direct Democracy.
2. Male citizens had right
to vote.
3. In meetings held every
10 days, assembly,
anyone over 18 can
vote. .
4. Encouraged to voice
their opinions.
SPARTA
Military
• Known for their
legendary fighting.
• Used the phalanx
formation—side by
side in rows.
• Used shields, spears
and short swords.
• Served for 40 years
before they can retire.
SPARTA
Education
• Centered around the
military.
• Reading, writing,
military strategies.
• Life was harsh with in
military school.
• Taught to fight one
another and given
very little food.
SPARTA
Women
• More freedom than
Athenian women.
• Responsible for house
because men are at war.
• Could travel, own
property, and inherit
goods.
• Could not participate in
gov’t.
SPARTA
Government
• Oligarchy government
• Two kings ruled at the
same time—best
generals.
• Council of Elders—
were judges and had a
lot of power.
• They could kick people
out or execute them.
The Acropolis in Athens
A special place in each city-state was set aside to build
temples to the many Greek gods. The temples were
often built on a hill or over-looking the city. This area
was called the acropolis.
The Acropolis in Athens
The Acropolis in Athens
The Acropolis in Athens
The Acropolis in Athens
The Acropolis in Athens
The Acropolis in Athens
The Parthenon in Athens
The Greeks built many temples to their many gods. One of
the most famous is the Parthenon. It was a temple to the
goddess Athena built high atop the acropolis in Athens. The
ruins of the temple are still there today.
Terms & Definitions
Agora
• Marketplace
in Ancient
Greece
A
G
O
R
A
Assembly
Meeting at the
top of the hill,
where they
met every 10
days to vote on
an issue. They
needed 6,000
people to vote.
ASSEMBLY
Phalanx
Military
formation,
where they
stood shoulder
to shoulder,
and made a
walking wall.
Phalanx
Acropolis
Top of the
city where
a temple was
built for the
god/goddess.
Acropolis
Parthenon
Temple at the
top of Athens
built for
Athena,
goddess of
wisdom.
Homer’s IlIad & odyssey
Read-Aloud
Homer’s IlIad & odyssey
Homer was the first Greek
writer. He was a blind man, so
he listened to all the stories
about his ancient people and
wrote them down using Greek
alphabet.
Homer’s IlIad & odyssey
He wrote about a famous war between
the Greeks and the Trojans called the
Trojan War. He writes about it in this
long poem he called The Iliad. This
poem only covers the last year of the
war, and talks about the grudge that
existed between the Greeks and
Trojans.
Homer’s IlIad & odyssey
After he finished writing The Iliad, he
wrote another story called The
Odyssey. This talks about Odysseus,
who was a Greek warrior that fought in
the Trojan War. When Odysseus was
sailing home after the war, he ran into
all kinds of trouble, and this was a
poem about it.
The myth of the Sea goddess Thetis, dipping
baby Achilles in the river to make him immortal
to arrows !
Menelaus and Paris ready to fight, when
Aphrodite swoops down and takes Paris
away!
Achilles dragging the body of lifeless Hector!
Paris kills Achilles!
The Horse enters the City of Troy!
Social Life in Greece
Jigsaw Activity
• Divide into groups of 4
• Grab a
– Poster
– Topic
– Markers
• Read among your
group your section
• Complete this poster
about it!
Topic
3 facts about it
Illustrate it
Use it in a
sentence of
your own
1.
2.
3.
Greek Houses
Greek Houses
Greek Houses
Greek Houses
Greek Clothing
Greek Clothing
Philosophers of Ancient
Greece
What is Philosophy?
• Philosophy is the
practice of asking
really BIG questions
that have no clear
answer or that have
more than one
answer. It’s a Greek
word that means
love and wisdom.
Socrates
• He questioned the existence of
the gods and this angered the
Greeks because it was
something that had never been
done before.
• He was accused of corrupting
the young people of Athens
and was sentenced to death.
• Many of his close friends
wanted to help him escape
from prison, but he drank
poison and died.
Plato
• Plato was born to a
wealthy family and was a
student of the great philosopher
Socrates.
• Plato founded the first
What a
university, called the
smart
guy!
Academy.
• Believed women should
receive the same education as
men.
• He believed in the unseen
world.
Aristotle
• Aristotle was a Macedonian.
He lived in Athens for 20 years
and was the student of Plato.
• After Plato died, King Phillip
of Macedonia offered Aristotle
a job as tutor to the king's
young son, Alexander.
• He taught Alexander to admire
and respect the Greeks.
PELOPONNESIAN WAR
The Peloponnesian Wars
The Peloponnesian Wars
The Spartans believed that the Athenians wanted to take
charge of all of the city-states in Greece, and so they began to
fight the Athenians. These were called the Peloponnesian
Wars, and they lasted from 431 - 404 BC. The Spartans won
and became the ruling city-state of Greece for a short time.
The Greek PHALANX military formation
The Greeks developed a very effective military formation,
called the Phalanx in which soldiers march closely together
with long spears and shields to protect the whole group and
create a nearly impenetrable wall.
Alexander the Great
Alexander the Great was the king of Macedonia who led a
conquest against King Darius III and the Persian Empire.
Alexander the Great’s Empire
Under Alexander the Great, the Greek Empire included Greece,
Anatolia (Turkey), Northern Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan, and
parts of India. This was the largest the Greek Empire would
become. After Alexander’s death, his generals divided the empire
and ruled over parts of it.
Athens vs. Sparta Essay
Now that you have completed the reading about
Athens (Source 1) and Sparta (Source 2), write a
two paragraph essay contrasting the way of life in
both city-states.
Using
your
two
sources,
develop
a
thesis/controlling idea that is relevant to both
sources. Clearly organize your essay and elaborate
your ideas. Unless quoting directly from the
sources, use your own words. Be sure to reference
the source title or number when quoting or
paraphrasing details and facts from the sources.