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3
Cells and Tissues
PART A
PowerPoint® Lecture Slide Presentation by Jerry L. Cook, Sam Houston University
ESSENTIALS
OF HUMAN
ANATOMY
& PHYSIOLOGY
EIGHTH EDITION
ELAINE N. MARIEB
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Cells and Tissues
 Carry out all chemical activities needed to
sustain life
 Cells are the building blocks of all living
things
 Tissues are groups of cells that are similar in
structure and function
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Anatomy of the Cell
 Cells are not all the same
 All cells share general structures
 Cells are organized into three main regions
 _________
 _________
 _______ __________
Figure 3.1a
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The Nucleus
 ________ _______ of
the cell
 Contains genetic
material (_____)
 Three regions
 __________
__________
 _________
 __________
Figure 3.1b
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Nucleoli
 Nucleus contains one or more nucleoli
 Sites _________ production
 Ribosomes then migrate to the cytoplasm
through ________ ________
 The singular of nucleoli is _________
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Chromatin
 Composed of _______ and _________
 Scattered throughout the nucleus
 Chromatin condenses to form _________
when the cell divides
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Plasma Membrane
 Barrier for cell contents
 Double phospholipid layer (____________)
 ____________ heads
 ____________ tails
 Also contains protein, _____________, and
_______________
PRESS
TO PLAY
MEMBRANE STRUCTURE ANIMATION
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Plasma Membrane
Figure 3.2
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Cytoplasm
 Material outside the nucleus and inside the
plasma membrane
 __________
 Fluid that suspends other elements
 __________
 Metabolic machinery of the cell
 Inclusions
 Non-functioning units
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Cytoplasmic Organelles
Figure 3.4
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Cytoplasmic Organelles
 Ribosomes
 Made of ___________ and ______
 Sites of _________ synthesis
 Found at two locations
 Free in the __________
 Attached to________endoplasmic reticulum
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Cytoplasmic Organelles
 _________________ ____________(ER)
 Fluid-filled _________ for carrying substances
 Two types of ER
 Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
 Studded with_________
 Site where building materials of cellular
membrane are formed
 Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
 Functions in _________ synthesis and
breakdown, ____ metabolism, and
______________of drugs
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Cytoplasmic Organelles
 _____________ ___________
 ___________ and packages proteins
 Produces different types of packages
 Secretory vesicles
 Cell membrane components
 Lysosomes
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Golgi Apparatus
Figure 3.6
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Cytoplasmic Organelles
 ____________
 Contain enzymes that digest nonusable
materials within the cell
 ____________
 Membranous sacs of oxidase _______
 Detoxify harmful substances
 Break down _______ ________
(highly reactive chemicals)
 Replicate by pinching in half
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Cytoplasmic Organelles
 _____________
 “____________” of the cell
 Change shape continuously
 Carry out reactions where oxygen is used
to break down food
 Provides ______ for cellular energy
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Cytoplasmic Organelles
 Cytoskeleton
 Network of protein structures that extend
throughout the cytoplasm
 Provides the cell with an internal
framework
Figure 3.7a
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Cytoplasmic Organelles
 Cytoskeleton
 Three different
types
 Microfilaments
 Intermediate
filaments
 Microtubules
Figure 3.7b–d
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Cytoplasmic Organelles
 Centrioles
 Rod-shaped bodies made of microtubules
 Direct formation of ________ spindle
during cell division (__________)
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Cellular Projections
 Not found in all cells
 Used for movement
 ________ moves materials across the cell
surface
Ex: ___________
 ___________ propels the cell
Ex: ___________
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Cell Diversity
Figure 3.8a–b
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Cell Diversity
Figure 3.8c
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Cell Diversity
Figure 3.8d–e
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Cell Diversity
Figure 3.8f–g
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings