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Chapter 7
Cellular Structure and
Function
Section 1
Pages 182-186
What do you know about Cells?
Cells are tiny!
• No one even new about cells
until the microscope was
invented!!
Section 7.1: Cell Discovery and Theory
• 1665 – Robert Hooke (U.K.)
– Made a simple microscope and used it to observe
cork.
– He saw small box-like structures and called them
cellulae (Latin for small rooms).
– It is from Hooke’s work that we have the term cell.
Famous Old Guy
1. Robert Hook- coined the term “cell” after
looking at cork
• A cell is the basic structural and functional
unit of all living organisms.
Not that kind of cell!!
History of the Cell Theory
• 1683 – Anton van Leeuwenhoek (Dutch)
– Designed his own microscope after reviewing
Hooke’s work.
– Observed single-celled organisms in pond water,
milk, and other substances.
Famous Old Guy
1. Robert Hook- observed and documented the
first cell
2. Anton van Leeuwenhoek-invented first
microscope discovered “animal like” unicellular
organisms.
Quick Check
• First person to see a cell?
• Person who invented Microscope?
The History Continues…
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1838 – Scientist discovers plants are made of cells.
1839 – Scientist discovers that animal tissue also
consists of individual cells.
1855 – Scientist proposes that all cells are
produced from the division of existing cells.
The Cell Theory – includes three
principles:
1. All living organisms are composed of
one or more cells.
2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and
organization of all living organisms.
3. Cells arise only from previously existing
cells, with parent cells passing copies
of their genetic material on to their
daughter cells.
OMG THAT’S TOO MUCH TO WRITE!
Shorter please!
Cell Theory
1. Organism= 1 or more cells
2. Cells are the basic unit of life
3. Cells come from other cells
the-wacky-history-of-cell-theory
Microscope Technology
• Developments in microscope technology
have given scientists the ability to study cells
in great detail.
Microscope Summery
1. Compound Light Microscope-Uses light
2. Electron Microscope- uses electrons and
magnets
• So now using the microscope we
can see all kinds of different cells!
• Cells are different from one another just
like people are. Cells differ based on the
function they serve.
Cells differ in many ways however
They all have
1.Plasma Membrane
2.Genetic Material
3.Ability to break down
molecules.
• All cells have a plasma membrane – a special
boundary that helps control what enters and
leaves the cell.
• All cells have Genetic Material information
that directs the cell in its function.
• Ex: DNA or RNA
• All cells have the Ability to break down
molecules.
• This goes back to obtaining energy.
• You eat so do cells!
Two Main Types of Cells
1. Prokaryotic Cells
pro = before
kary = nucleus
PRO=NO!!
2.Eukaryotic Cells
eu = true
kary = nucleus)
Prokaryotic Cells
• NO membrane bound organelles.
• Most unicellular organisms (bacteria) are
prokaryotes.
Eukaryotic Cells
– Bigger than prokaryotic cells
– Contains organelles
– Has Nucleus
Organelles
• Organelles are specialized structures that
carry out specific functions.
Yes your going to need to know all the organelles but that’s for
another day!!
Prokaryotic Vs. Eukaryotic
• Prokaryotic cells are much simpler in structure
compared to eukaryotes.
• Scientists believe eukaryotic cells evolved
from prokaryotic cells and that prokaryotes
were probably the first form of life on Earth.
Review
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What's the Two Main types of Cells?
Name one similarity.
Name one difference.
State the 3 parts of the cell theory.
7.1 Activity
• Make a Venn diagram of Prokaryotic and
Eukaryotic cells.
• Answer the questions on the Back.
• If its not done its Homework.