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Introduction to the Human Body Ms. De Los Rios 7th Grade Ch. 11.1 Essential Question: How Does your Body Work? Body Organization How is Your Body Organized? Pgs. 404-407 Ch. 11.1 Vocabulary Cell- The basic unit of structure and function in living things. Cell Membrane- A thin, flexible barrier that forms around a cell and controls which substances pass into an out of a cell. Nucleus- A large organelle that contains the cell’s genetic material in the form of DNA and controls many of the cell’s activities. Cytoplasm- A clear jelly like substance that contains many cell structures. The cytoplasm can be located inside the cell membrane (prokaryote/no nucleus) or between the cell membrane and nucleus (in eukaryotes/nucleus) Tissue- A group of similar cells that perform a specific function. Muscle Tissue- A body tissue that contracts, or shortens, making body parts move, Nervous Tissue- A body tissue that carries electrical messages back and forth between the brain and the other parts of the body. Connective Tissue- A body tissue that provides support for the body and connects all its parts. Epithelial Tissue- A body tissue that covers the interior and exterior of the body. Organ- A body structure that is composed of different kinds of tissue that work together. Organ System- A group of organs that work together, performing major functions. Fig. 1 Body Organization pg. 405 Body Organization This diagram tracks the levels of organization in the body. What are the missing level names? How is Your Body Organized? Pg. 404 Every minute of the day, no matter what a person is doing, the body is busy at work. Each ______of the body has a ______ ___to do. All the _____ work ________ to keep the body functioning smoothly and effectively. The ____________ of the body is in part responsible for this smooth functioning. How is Your Body Organized? Pg. 405 The levels of organization in the human body consist of: cells tissues organs organ systems A_____is the basic unit of structure and function in a living thing, or organism. Almost all cells in the human body have the same basic parts. cytoplasm cell membrane nucleus The ______________ forms the outside border of a cell. The __________directs the cell’s activities and holds information that controls a cell’s function. The______________ which forms the rest of the cell, is a clear, jellylike substance that contains many cell structures, each of which has a specific job to perform. FIGURE 2 Body Organization pg. 406 Tissues A tissue is a group of similar cells that perform the same function. Identify the Main Idea How is Your Body Organized? Tissues pg. 406 Tissue- is a group of similar cells that perform the same function. Your body has several types of tissues: Muscle tissue, Nervous tissue, Connective tissue, and Epithelial tissue Muscle tissue is made up of muscle cells. Muscle tissue contracts and thus makes body parts move. Nervous tissue, made up of nerve cells, carries electrical messages to and from the brain and spinal cord, thereby directing and controlling body processes. Connective tissue provides support for the body and connects all its parts. Connective tissue can be made up of bone cells and fat cells. Epithelial tissue covers both the internal (inside) and external (outside) surfaces of the body. Fig. 3 Body Organization pg. 407 Organs The heart, like other organs, is made of different tissues. Which tissue matches each function? How is Your Body Organized? pg. 407-408 Organs Examples of organs: ___________,_____________,__________ •An ________ is a group of different types of tissue performing a specific function. •Each type of tissue in an organ does its specific job and in that way contributes to the organ’s function. •Each _______ is part of an _______ ________, that work together to perform a major function. •Organ systems also work together, forming the next level of organization, the _____________. APPLY IT!!! Body Organization Organization of an Organism Tissues are made from cells; organs are made from tissues that perform different functions. Body Organization Systems and Organisms Each organ in the body is part of an organ system. Starting with cells, the levels of organization in an organism become more and more complex. Body Organization pg. 408 Body Systems, Part 1 Fig. 4 Body Organization pg. 409 Body Systems, Part 2 Assess your Understanding pg. 409