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Transcript
Bozeman Meiosis Video • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rB_8dT uh73c Meiosis • Similar in many ways to mitosis • Several differences however – Involves 2 cell divisions – Results in 4 cells with 1/2 the normal genetic information. • Vocabulary: – Diploid (2N) - Normal amount of genetic material – Haploid (N) - 1/2 the genetic material. • Meiosis results in the formation of haploid cells. – In Humans, these are the Ova (egg) and sperm. – Ova are produced in the ovaries in females • Process is called oogenesis – Sperm are produced in the testes of males. • Process is called spermatogenesis • Meiosis occurs in 2 phases: Meiosis 1 & Meiosis 2 Meiosis I • The amount of DNA in the cell doubles • Homologous chromosomes line-up side-byside along the equator of the cell. • During anaphase 1, CENTROMERES DO NOT BREAK and each replicated chromosome is pulled to opposite sides of the cell. • Nuclei reform and cytokenesis occurs. Spermatogenesis & Oogenesis Meiosis Animation • http://www.cellsalive.com/meiosis.htm Crossing Over • Segments of homologous chromosomes break and reform at similar locations. • Results in new genetic combinations of offspring. • This is the main advantage of sexual reproduction Meiosis Animation • http://www.cellsalive.com/meiosis.htm Meiosis II • DNA does not double • Chromosomes randomly line-up along metaphase plate like regular mitosis. • During anaphase 2, CENTROMERES BREAK and each chromosome is pulled to opposite sides of the cell. • Nuclei reform and cytokenesis usually occurs (although it is often unequal). Overview of Meiosis