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Chapter 3
Section 3 The Organization of
Living Things
Objectives
• List three advantages of being multicellular.
• Describe four levels of organization in living things.
• Explain the relationship between the structure and
function of a part of an organism.
Chapter 3
Section 3 The Organization of
Living Things
Bellringer
Why can’t you use your teeth to breathe? Why
can’t you use your arm muscles to digest food?
Write your answers in your science notebook.
Chapter 3
Section 3 The Organization of
Living Things
Chapter 3
Section 3 The Organization
of Living Things
The Benefits of Being Multicellular
• Larger Size
Larger organisms are prey for fewer predators.
Larger predators can eat a wider variety of prey.
Chapter 3
Section 3 The Organization
of Living Things
The Benefits of Being Multicellular
• Longer Life The life span
of a multicellular organism
is not limited to the life
span of a single cell.
• Specialization Each type
of cell has a particular job.
Specialization makes the
organism more efficient.
Chapter 3
Section 3 The Organization of
Living Things
Reading Check: What are three advantages of
being multicellular?
larger size
 longer life
cell specialization
Chapter 3
Section 3 The Organization of
Living Things
Cells Working Together
• A tissue is a group of cells that
work together to perform a
specific job.
• Animals have four basic types
of tissues: nerve tissues,
muscle tissue, connective
tissue, and protective tissue.
• Plants have three types of
tissues: transport tissue,
protective tissue, and ground
tissue (photosynthesis).
Chapter 3
Section 3 The Organization of
Living Things
Tissues Working Together
• A structure made up of two or more tissues working
together to perform a specific function is called an
organ.
• The heart, stomach,
intestines, brain,
and lungs are
examples of organs
in humans.
• Leaves, stems, and roots
are examples of plant
organs.
Chapter 3
Section 2 Eukaryotic Cells
Reading Check: What is an organ?
 An organ is a structure of two or more
tissues working together to perform a
specific function in the body.
Chapter 3
Section 3 The Organization of
Living Things
Tissues Working Together, continued
• A group of two or more organs working together to
perform a particular function is called an organ
system. Each organ system has a specific job in the
body.
• Examples of organ systems are the digestive
system, the respiratory system, and the
cardiovascular system.
• Examples of plant organ systems are leaf systems,
root systems, and stem systems.
Chapter 3
Section 3 The Organization of
Living Things
Chapter 3
Section 3 The Organization of
Living Things
Overview of Organ Systems
Click below to watch the Visual Concept.
Visual Concept
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Chapter 3
Section 3 The Organization of
Living Things
Organisms
• Anything that can perform life processes by itself is
an organism.
• An organism made of a single cell is a unicellular
organism. A unicellular organism must carry out all
life processes in order for that cell to survive.
• In contrast, multicellular organisms have specialized
cells that depend on each other for the organism to
survive.
Chapter 3
Section 3 The Organization of
Living Things
Structure and Function
• In organisms, structure and function are related.
• Structure is the arrangement of parts in an organism.
• Function is the job that the part does.
Chapter 3
Section 3 The Organization of
Living Things
Structure and Function, continued
The structures of
alveoli and blood
vessels enable them
to perform a
function. Together,
they bring oxygen
into the body and get
rid of its carbon
dioxide.
Chapter 3
Section 3 The Organization of
Living Things
Quick Check Quiz!!!
1. What is the relationship between your digestive system,
stomach, and intestines?
 The digestive system is an organ system. The stomach and
intestines are organs that are parts of the digestive system.
2. What is the main difference between a unicellular
organism and a multicellular organism in the way life
processes are carried out?
 Sample answer: A unicellular organism must perform all life
functions by itself. A multicellular organism may have
specialized cells that work together to carry out each
function.
Chapter 3
Cells: The Basic Units of Life
Section 3.3 Review
• Advantages of being multicellular are larger size,
longer life, and cell specialization.
• Four levels of organization are cell, tissue, organ,
and organ system.
• A tissue is a group of cells working together. An
organ is two or more tissues working together. An
organ system is two or more organs working
together.
• In organisms, a part’s structure and function are
related.
Chapter 3
Cells: The Basic Units of Life
Concept Map
Use the terms below to complete the concept map
on the next slide.
prokaryotes
cells
do
do not
plants
eubacteria
humans
bacteria
eukaryotes
Chapter 3
Cells: The Basic Units of Life
Chapter 3
Cells: The Basic Units of Life
Chapter 3
Standardized Test Preparation
Interpreting Graphics
The diagrams below show two kinds of cells. Use these
cell diagrams to answer the questions that follow.
Chapter 3
Standardized Test Preparation
1. What is the name of the
organelle labeled A in Cell 1?
A endoplasmic reticulum
B mitochondrion
C vacuole
D nucleus
Chapter 3
Standardized Test Preparation
1. What is the name of the
organelle labeled A in Cell 1?
A endoplasmic reticulum
B mitochondrion
C vacuole
D nucleus
Chapter 3
Standardized Test Preparation
2. What type of cell is Cell 1?
F a bacterial cell
G a plant cell
H an animal cell
I a prokaryotic cell
Chapter 3
Standardized Test Preparation
2. What type of cell is Cell 1?
F a bacterial cell
G a plant cell
H an animal cell
I a prokaryotic cell
Chapter 3
Standardized Test Preparation
3. What is the name and function of
the organelle labeled B in Cell 2?
A The organelle is a vacuole, and it
stores water and other materials.
B The organelle is the nucleus, and
it contains the DNA.
C The organelle is the cell wall, and
it gives shape to the cell.
D The organelle is a ribosome,
where proteins are put together.
Chapter 3
Standardized Test Preparation
3. What is the name and function of
the organelle labeled B in Cell 2?
A The organelle is a vacuole, and it
stores water and other materials.
B The organelle is the nucleus, and
it contains the DNA.
C The organelle is the cell wall, and
it gives shape to the cell.
D The organelle is a ribosome,
where proteins are put together.
Chapter 3
Standardized Test Preparation
4. What type of cell is Cell 2?
How do you know?
F prokaryotic; because it does
not have a nucleus
G eukaryotic; because it does
not have a nucleus
H prokaryotic; because it has a
nucleus
I eukaryotic; because it has a
nucleus
Chapter 3
Standardized Test Preparation
4. What type of cell is Cell 2?
How do you know?
F prokaryotic; because it does
not have a nucleus
G eukaryotic; because it does
not have a nucleus
H prokaryotic; because it has a
nucleus
I eukaryotic; because it has a
nucleus
Chapter 3
Standardized Test Preparation
Math
Read each question, and choose the best answer.
Chapter 3
Standardized Test Preparation
1. What is the surface area–to-volume ratio of the
rectangular solid shown in the diagram below?
A 0.5:1
B 2:1
C 36:1
D 72:1
Chapter 3
Standardized Test Preparation
1. What is the surface area–to-volume ratio of the
rectangular solid shown in the diagram below?
A 0.5:1
B 2:1
C 36:1
D 72:1
Chapter 3
Standardized Test Preparation
2. Look at the diagram of the cell below. Three
molecules of food per cubic unit of volume per minute
are required for the cell to survive. One molecule of
food can enter through each square unit of surface
area per minute. What will happen to this cell?
F The cell is too small, and it will
starve.
G The cell is too large, and it will
starve.
H The cell is at a size that will
allow it to survive.
I There is not enough information
to determine the answer.
Chapter 3
Standardized Test Preparation
2. Look at the diagram of the cell below. Three
molecules of food per cubic unit of volume per minute
are required for the cell to survive. One molecule of
food can enter through each square unit of surface
area per minute. What will happen to this cell?
F The cell is too small, and it will
starve.
G The cell is too large, and it will
starve.
H The cell is at a size that will
allow it to survive.
I There is not enough information
to determine the answer.
Chapter 3
Section 1 The Diversity of Cells
Chapter 3
Section 2 Eukaryotic Cells
Chapter 3
Section 2 Eukaryotic Cells
Chapter 3
Section 2 Eukaryotic Cells
Chapter 3
Section 2 Eukaryotic Cells
Chapter 3
Section 2 Eukaryotic Cells
Chapter 3
Section 2 Eukaryotic Cells
Chapter 3
Section 3 The Organization of
Living Things
Chapter 3
Standardized Test Preparation
Chapter 3
Standardized Test Preparation
Chapter 3
Standardized Test Preparation
Chapter 3
Standardized Test Preparation
Chapter 3
Section 1 The Diversity of Cells