Download BACTERIA

Prokaryotic Cells:
Includes only bacteria
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Most numerous organisms on Earth
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BACTERIA:
•Most numerous organisms on Earth
•1st forms of life on Earth
•All are prokaryotic
•General Traits of all prokaryotes:
•Lack a nucleus and membrane bound
organelles.
•Unicellular (separate or in a colony)
•Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic
•Are microscopic
•300 side by side = printed period
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Bacteri is found EVERYWHERE…
Air
On and in
our body
fFood
Soil
On all objects
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Deep
Ocean
430,000 year
old bacteria
found in a
fresh water
lake in
Antarctica
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Cell wall:
-made up of
proteins and carbs
Cell wall
-protects and gives shape
to cell.
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Cell membrane:
Cell membrane
-regulates what
goes into and out of
the cell
Cell Wall
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Cell membrane
Capsule
Cell Wall
Outer covering that
is sticky. Allows
bacteria to adhere
to surfaces and
prevents WBC’s
from engulfing
them.
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Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Cell Wall
Capsule
Cytoplasm:
-liquid
solution which
suspends the
DNA and
ribosomes.
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Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Cell Wall
Capsule
Ribosomes:
Ribosomes
-uses DNA’s
instructions to
make all proteins
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Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Cell Wall
Capsule
DNA:
-genetic material
-1 loop of DNA
DNA
Ribosomes
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Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Cell Wall
Capsule
Flagella:
-1 or more long
whip like tails used
for movement.
DNA
Ribosomes
Flagella
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Flagella: for movement.
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Classifying Prokaryotes
E. coli, a Typical Eubacterium
Ribosomes
Capsule
Cell
Membrane
Cell wall
Flagellum
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DNA
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Ideal Reproductive/Growth
Conditions
-moisture
-warmth
Food and moisture
Warm and darkness
-food source
Ideal warm, dark and moist
The human
-darkness
environment with plenty of food? body
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Part A of Bacteria lab
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Endospores
A hard, protective case that forms around the
DNA of the bacteria cell during unfavorable
growth conditions.
Spores allow bacteria to survive harsh
conditions. (extreme heat, lack of moisture, etc…)
Spores can remain dormant for months or
years.
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Bacteria can be:
1. Heterotrophic
-uses other organisms as a food
source.
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2. Saprophytic:
-live off dead matter
-bacteria is the #1 decomposer
3. Autotrophic:
-makes their own food through
photosynthesis.
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Reproduction
Takes
about 20
min. in
bacteria.
Binary Fission
Bacteria copies its DNA and
divides in half, producing two
identical daughter cells.
Form of asexual reproduction
Binary fission
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Most people think of bacteria
of only being “bad” but
bacteria do a lot of good
too!!!
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The GOOD……..
Oil eating bacteria
To make food
To make
medicines
Sewage
treatment
#1
decomposer
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The BAD………..
Makes us
sick/causes
illnesses
STD’s: Gonorrhea, Syphilis
Chlamydia, Botulism, Lymes
Disease, Pinkeye,
Tuberculosis, Pneumonia
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Can they be stopped?
Dehydration
Refrigeration
Freezing
Heat: canning, cooking, sterilization
Antibiotics
Antiseptics
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Set up Part B of lab
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You go to the doctors with a sore
throat……………..now what happens????
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The doctor has to classify
the bacteria to know how to
treat it.
1. The doctor cultures/grows
the bacteria.
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Identifying Prokaryotes
2. The doctor determines
the shape of the bacteria.
Rod-shaped
prokaryotes are called
bacilli.
Bacilli
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Identifying Prokaryotes
Spherical prokaryotes are called cocci.
Cocci
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Identifying Prokaryotes
Spiral and corkscrew-shaped
prokaryotes are called spirilla.
Spirilla
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3. The doctor determines its “colony”
formation:
Strept mean grows in a
long chain.
Staph means grows in a cluster
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Can you identify these bacteria?
Steptococcus
Staphococcus
Round and in
a straight line
Round and in
a cluster.
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Part C of the Bacteria lab
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