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Directions: Go through this slide show and use the information to fill in the boxes on your Chart. Use each link. Some will be helpful to your chart and some will supplement that information. Middle Eastern Civilizations Ancient Civilizations of Mesopotamia and the Fertile Crescent Geography: • Mesopotamia: The “Land Between Two Rivers” in the Middle East between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. Geography • Fertile Crescent – The half-circle shaped area of fertile land in the Middle East that includes Mesopotamia to the Nile River Valley. Ancient Civilizations that Occupied the Middle East: • • • • Sumerians Babylonians Phoenicians Hebrews Ancient Sumer • Sumer is considered the “Cradle of Civilization” • Hunter-Gatherers settled into the First civilizations • First settled in the Fertile land in Lower Mesopotamia, between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. Ancient Sumer • Sumerians formed their civilization around 3500 B.C. and fell to foreign invaders 1500 years later (around 2000 BC) • The Sumerian Civilization was a collection of city-states that shared a common culture, language and religion • What is a city-state? City-State – consists of the city itself and the land surrounding it • Many city-states in ancient Sumer: The Ancient Sumerians built huge temples called Ziggurats to honor their gods and goddess. Click Here to explore the Great Ziggurat at Ur. Ancient Sumer • “Important” people: 1. Slaves – built the great Ziggurats and irrigation projects – Try to build your own Zuggurat by managing your slaves » Click Here to build a Ziggurat at Ur (a great city) More important people in Sumer: • 2. Scribes – the people of ancient Sumer that could write. They trained in schools and wrote in Cuneiform, which uses pictures to represent words. • At this point you should have everything filled in in your chart for the Sumerian Civilization. • If you do not, go back over the slide show to find what you missed. (use your rightclick to move back) Location of Babylon • Began in Lower Mesopotamia: Expanded to include most of the Middle East in a great empire: Ancient Babylonians • Empire at its height from 1800-1600 BC • Led by its most famous ruler • Hammurabi: Ancient Babylonians • Large Empire that needed to be governed fairly and consistently • Existed from 1800-1600 B.C. • Created the very specific, very strict written code of laws. – Hammurabi’s Code Ancient Babylonians • Hammurabi’s Code survives to this day: At this point, you should have everything you need to know about the Babylonians. If not, go back through and find the correct answers. The Phoenicians Phoenicians: Location • The Phoenicians lived on a piece of land along the Western bank of the Mediterranean Sea. • They did not have good farmland, but they did have access to the sea. They became great traders, sailing around the Mediterranean to trade for food and goods. Phoenician Trade Routes Phoenicia Phoenicians: Accomplishments • The Phoenicians did not govern a large territory like the Babylonians, instead they set up small city-states around the Mediterranean as bases for their trade routes. • What is a city-state? • The Phoenicians became great explorers, spreading Babylonian and Sumerian culture all around Europe and North Africa. Phoenicians: Important People • Each Phoenician city-state was its own country and had its own king. As a result, history does not focus on any one king or leader from this loose union of cities. • We do not need to know any important people from the Phoenicians, but we do need to know what they created. Phoenicians: Contributions to the world • In order to keep records on all that they traded around the Mediterranean Sea, the Phoenicians developed the world’s first alphabet. • In the Phoenician writing system, unlike the Cuneiform of Sumer, symbols, or letters, represented sounds instead of words. • The alphabet we use is based on the Phoenician alphabet! Got everything about the Phoenicians? The Hebrews A group of people founded by Abraham Location: In the southern part of the Fertile Crescent lies a land called Canaan, where many groups lived. One group was the Hebrews Location • Geographic problems (famine and drought) forced the Hebrews to Egypt. • They were enslaved by the Egyptians and then led out from slavery by Moses in what was called the Exodus. Accomplishments: • Religion: The Hebrews developed the first religion that worshipped one god, or was Monotheistic. It was called “Judaism” • Law Code: The Ten Commandments – According to the Bible, Moses received this list of ten rules from their one God. • King David eventually established a kingdom in Canaan called Israel.