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MESOPOTAMIA VOCABULARY 1 Fertile Crescent – A fertile region in southwestern Asia that includes the region of Mesopotamia. 2. Tigris River - A river in southwestern Asia that flows through the eastern part of the Fertile Crescent. 3. Euphrates River - A river in southwestern Asia that flows through the southern part of the Fertile Crescent. 4. Mesopotamia - The region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers; birthplace of the Sumerian and Babylonian civilizations. 5. plateau - An area of flat land that rises above the surrounding land. 6. droughts - A long period of dry weather Lesson 2 7. Sumer - A group of ancient city-states in southern Mesopotamia; the earliest civilization in Mesopotamia. 8. cuneiform - A system of writing that used wedge-shaped symbols to represent sounds, ideas, and objects; developed in Ancient Sumer. 9. city-state - A self-governing city, often with surrounding lands and villages. 10. ziggurat - A large temple located in the centers of ancient Sumerian cities. 11. polytheism - The belief in many gods and goddesses 12. Sargon - King of the city-state Kish; united the city-state of Sumer to create an empire. 13. Hammurabi - King of Babylonian empire; creator of the Code of Hammurabi, one of the world’s oldest codes of law. 14. Babylonia - An ancient Mesopotamian empire that extended throughout the Fertile Crescent in the 1700’s B.C. 15. Codes of law - A written set of laws that apply to everyone under a government.